Browsing Faculty of Arts and Sciences by Title
Now showing items 3855-3874 of 24540
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Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography can predict the glycosaminoglycan content and biomechanical properties of articular cartilage
(Elsevier BV, 2010)Objective: An early hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA) is the progressive loss of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), the extracellular matrix (ECM) component of articular cartilage that confers it with compressive stiffness. Our aim ... -
Contrasting Effects of Al Substitution on Microbial Reduction of Fe(III) (Hydr)oxides
(Meteoritical Society, 2010)Aluminum, one of the most abundant elements in soils and sediments, is commonly found co-precipitated with Fe in natural Fe(III) (hydr)oxides; yet, little is known about how Al substitution impacts bacterial Fe(III) ... -
Contrasting Patterns in Mammal–Bacteria Coevolution: Bartonella and Leptospira in Bats and Rodents
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Background: Emerging bacterial zoonoses in bats and rodents remain relatively understudied. We conduct the first comparative host–pathogen coevolutionary analyses of bacterial pathogens in these hosts, using Bartonella ... -
Contrasting responses within a single neuron class enable sex-specific attraction in Caenorhabditis elegans
(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2016)Animals find mates and food, and avoid predators, by navigating to regions within a favorable range of available sensory cues. How are these ranges set and recognized? Here we show that male Caenorhabditis elegans exhibit ... -
Contrastive Learning Using Spectral Methods
(Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2013)In many natural settings, the analysis goal is not to characterize a single data set in isolation, but rather to understand the difference between one set of observations and another. For example, given a background corpus ... -
Contrasts and Correlations in Effect-size Estimation
(Blackwell Publishers, 2000)This article describes procedures for presenting standardized measures of effect size when contrasts are used to ask focused questions of data. The simplest contrasts consist of comparisons of two samples (e.g., based on ... -
Contrasts and Correlations in Theory Assessment
(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2002)To describe a systematic quantitative approach to assessing the predictions made by competing theories using contrasts and correlational indices of effect sizes. We illustrate the use of the contrast F and t to compare and ... -
CONTRASTS AND INTERACTIONS REDUX: Five Easy Pieces
(SAGE Publications, 1996)ThIs reply to Abelson (this Issue) and Petty, Fabrtgar, Wegener, and Priester (this issue) is couched within the framework offive basic principles advising that we (1) hang on to what we predicted long enough to test It ... -
The Contribution of African Women to Economic Growth and Development: Historical Perspectives and Policy Implications Part I: The Pre-Colonial and Colonial Periods
(The World Bank, 2012)Bringing together history and economics, this paper presents a historical and processual understanding of women’s economic marginalization in Sub-Saharan Africa from the pre-colonial period to the end of colonial rule. It ... -
The Contribution of Cervicovaginal Microbiota and Hormonal Contraceptives to Genital Inflammation and HIV Acquisition Risk
(2015-05-17)The HIV epidemic persists in many parts of the world, with the majority of new infections occurring through the female genital tract (FGT). The permissiveness of the genital mucosa to HIV is modulated by the integrity of ... -
The Contribution of National Income Inequality to Regional Economic Divergence
(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2019-03-25)After more than a century of convergence, the economic fortunes of rich and poor regions of the United States have diverged dramatically over the last 40 years. Roughly a third of the US population now lives in metropolitan ... -
The Contribution of Object Shape and Surface Properties to Object Ensemble Representation in Anterior-medial Ventral Visual Cortex
(MIT Press - Journals, 2017)Our visual system can extract summary statistics from large collections of objects without forming detailed representations of the individual objects in the ensemble. In a region in ventral visual cortex encompassing the ... -
The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2015-09) -
Contribution of PDZD8 to Stabilization of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) Capsid
(2014-02-25)Following human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) entry into the host cell, the viral capsid gradually disassembles in a process called uncoating. A proper rate of uncoating is important for reverse transcription of the HIV-1 ... -
Contribution of quasar-driven outflows to the extragalactic gamma-ray background
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2016-07-25)The origin of the extragalactic γ-ray background permeating throughout the Universe remains a mystery forty years after its discovery. The extrapolated population of blazars can account for only half of the background ... -
Contribution of Selection for Protein Folding Stability in Shaping the Patterns of Polymorphisms in Coding Regions
(Oxford University Press, 2013)The patterns of polymorphisms in genomes are imprints of the evolutionary forces at play in nature. In particular, polymorphisms have been extensively used to infer the fitness effects of mutations and their dynamics of ... -
Contribution of SORL1 in human iPSC-derived neurons and astrocytes to Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis
(2022-09-06)Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with heterogeneous etiology as suggested by genetic, neuropathological, and clinical evidence. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can serve ... -
Contributions of microbiome and mechanical deformation to intestinal bacterial overgrowth and inflammation in a human gut-on-a-chip
(National Academy of Sciences, 2016)A human gut-on-a-chip microdevice was used to coculture multiple commensal microbes in contact with living human intestinal epithelial cells for more than a week in vitro and to analyze how gut microbiome, inflammatory ... -
Contributions of the Hadley and Ferrel Circulations to the Energetics of the Atmosphere over the past 32-years
(American Meteorological Society, 2014)The Hadley system provides an example of a thermally direct circulation, the Ferrel system in contrast an example of a thermally indirect circulation. In this study, we develop an approach to investigate the key thermodynamic ... -
Contributions to Design and Analysis of Pediatric HIV Studies
(2023-05-11)Youth with perinatal HIV exposure have demonstrated higher rates of emotional---behavioral problems than the general US youth population. However, more evidence is needed to help target prevention and intervention efforts ...