Browsing Faculty of Arts and Sciences by Title
Now showing items 7202-7221 of 24524
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Estimating the Equity Premium
(Blackwell Publishing, 2008)Finance theory restricts the time-series behaviour of valuation ratios and links the cross-section of stock prices to the level of the equity premium. This can be used to strengthen the evidence for predictability in stock ... -
Estimating the Health Effects of Environmental Exposures: Statistical Methods for the Analysis of Spatio-temporal Data
(2013-10-08)In the field of environmental epidemiology, there is a great deal of care required in constructing models that accurately estimate the effects of environmental exposures on human health. This is because the nature of the ... -
Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering
(MIT Press, 2009)We estimate the impact on pilgrims of performing the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca. Our method compares successful and unsuccessful applicants in a lottery used by Pakistan to allocate Hajj visas. Pilgrim accounts stress that ... -
Estimating the Parameters of Sagittarius A*'s Accretion Flow Via Millimeter Vlbi
(American Astronomical Society, 2009)Recent millimeter-VLBI observations of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) have, for the first time, directly probed distances comparable to the horizon scale of a black hole. This provides unprecedented access to the environment ... -
Estimating the Probability of Events that Have Never Occurred: When is Your Vote Decisive?
(American Statistical Association, 1998)Researchers sometimes argue that statisticians have little to contribute when few realizations of the process being estimated are observed. We show that this argument is incorrect even in the extreme situation of estimating ... -
Estimating the Spin of Stellar-Mass Black Holes by Spectral Fitting of the X-Ray Continuum
(American Astronomical Society, 2005)We fit X-ray spectral data in the thermal-dominant, or high-soft, state of two dynamically confirmed black holes, GRO J1655-40 and 4U 1543-47, and estimate the dimensionless spin parameters a* a/M of the two holes. For ... -
Estimating the Spins of Stellar-Mass Black Holes by Fitting Their Continuum Spectra
(AIP Publishing, 2008)We have used the Novikov‐Thorne thin disk model to fit the continuum X‐ray spectra of three transient black hole X‐ray binaries in the thermal state. From the fits we estimate the dimensionless spin parameters of the black ... -
Estimating the timing of early eukaryotic diversification with multigene molecular clocks
(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2011)Although macroscopic plants, animals, and fungi are the most familiar eukaryotes, the bulk of eukaryotic diversity is microbial. Elucidating the timing of diversification among the more than 70 lineages is key to understanding ... -
Estimating TMRCA, Modeling the Fixed Pedigree, and the Effect of the Y Chromosome on the Chromatin Landscape
(2016-09-06)This thesis consists of three chapters on different topics. Chapter 1: We demonstrate the advantages of using information at many unlinked loci in order to better calibrate estimates of the time to the most recent common ... -
Estimating Trade Flows: Trading Partners and Trading Volumes
(MIT Press, 2008)We develop a simple model of international trade with heterogeneous firms that is consistent with a number of stylized features of the data. In particular, the model predicts positive as well as zero trade flows across ... -
Estimating turning points using large data sets
(Elsevier BV, 2014)Dating business cycles entails ascertaining economy-wide turning points. Broadly speaking, there are two approaches in the literature. The first approach, which dates to Burns and Mitchell (1946), is to identify turning ... -
Estimation and Learning via Convex Optimization: Asymptotics, Phase Transitions, and New Algorithms
(2022-01-14)Modern datasets are formed by a large number of samples and features. This new regime presents new challenges and opportunities. One major challenge that arises when working with high--dimensional datasets is the curse of ... -
Estimation and Optimization of Information Measures with Applications to Fairness and Differential Privacy
(2023-05-17)My dissertation solves three theoretical problems on optimizing and estimating information measures, and it also builds on this theory to introduce novel practical algorithms for: 1) Optimal mechanism design for differential ... -
Estimation and Planning for Dynamic Robot Behaviors
(2021-09-15)Since the conception of modern robotics it has been a vision of roboticists, science fiction authors, and technologists to see machines with superhuman abilities propel humanity into the future. Grand visions of a robotic ... -
Estimation of 3D Faces and Illumination from Single Photographs Using a Bilineaur Illumination Model
(Eurographics Association, 2005)3D Face modeling is still one of the biggest challenges in computer graphics. In this paper we present a novel framework that acquires the 3D shape, texture, pose and illumination of a face from a single photograph. ... -
Estimation of Asset Volatility and Correlation Over Market Microstructure Noise in High-Frequency Data
(2015-04-08)Accurate measurement of asset return volatility and correlation is an important problem in financial econometrics. The presence of market microstructure noise in high-frequency data complicates such estimations. This study ... -
The Estimation of Causal Effects from Observational Data
(Annual Reviews, 1999)When experimental designs are infeasible, researchers must resort to the use of observational data from surveys, censuses, and administrative records. Because assignment to the independent variables of observational data ... -
Estimation of Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange for the Conterminous United States by Combining MODIS and AmeriFlux Data
(Elsevier, 2008)Eddy covariance flux towers provide continuous measurements of net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) for a wide range of climate and biome types. However, these measurements only represent the carbon fluxes at the scale of ... -
Estimation of Spectral Power Laws in Time-Uncertain Series of Data with Application to the GISP2 \(δ^{18}\)O Record
(American Geophysical Union, 2011)Errors in the timing assigned to observations degrade estimates of the power spectrum in a complicated and nonlocal fashion. It is clear that timing errors will smear concentrations of spectral energy across a wide band ... -
Estradiol, estrogen receptor alpha, and osteogenic responses to mechanical loading
(John Wiley & Sons, 2005)Despite evidence that mechanical loads can induce diaphyseal bone growth, there is little consensus about how, and to what extent, strain affects human skeletal phenotype. This project tests a mechanism of mechanotransduction ...