Browsing Faculty of Arts and Sciences by Title
Now showing items 8961-8980 of 24540
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Genetic differentiation and the evolution of cooperation in chimpanzees and humans
(The Royal Society, 2011)It has been proposed that human cooperation is unique among animals for its scale and complexity, its altruistic nature and its occurrence among large groups of individuals that are not closely related or are even strangers. ... -
Genetic differentiation without mimicry shift in a pair of hybridizing Heliconius species (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2013)Butterflies in the genus Heliconius have undergone rapid adaptive radiation for warning patterns and mimicry, and are excellent models to study the mechanisms underlying diversification. In Heliconius, mimicry rings typically ... -
A genetic dissection of the interactions between the CbtA toxin of Escherichia coli and the bacterial cytoskeleton
(2016-09-15)Prokaryotic chromosomal toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems, consisting of a stable toxin and a labile, cotranscribed antitoxin, have been shown to target a number of essential processes in bacteria. The Escherichia coli genome ... -
Genetic dissent and individual compromise
(Springer Science + Business Media, 2014)Organisms can be treated as optimizers when there is consensus among their genes about what is best to be done, but genomic consensus is often lacking, especially in interactions among kin because kin share some genes but ... -
Genetic Diversity and the Structure of Genealogies in Rapidly Adapting Populations
(Genetics Society of America, 2013)Positive selection distorts the structure of genealogies and hence alters patterns of genetic variation within a population. Most analyses of these distortions focus on the signatures of hitchhiking due to hard or soft ... -
Genetic Diversity in the Interference Selection Limit
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Pervasive natural selection can strongly influence observed patterns of genetic variation, but these effects remain poorly understood when multiple selected variants segregate in nearby regions of the genome. Classical ... -
Genetic diversity of STLV-2 and interspecies transmission of STLV-3 in wild-living bonobos
(Oxford University Press, 2016)There are currently four known primate T-cell lymphotropic virus groups (PTLV1-4), each of which comprises closely related simian (STLV) and human (HTLV) viruses. For PTLV-1 and PTLV-3, simian and human viruses are ... -
Genetic Draft and Linked Selection in Rapidly Adapting Populations
(2017-01-18)Evolution proceeds by the stochastic emergence and fixation of mutations over time. The dynamics of this process are well understood if beneficial mutations are sufficiently rare or the population is sufficiently small. ... -
Genetic drift at expanding frontiers promotes gene segregation
(National Academy of Sciences, 2007)Competition between random genetic drift and natural selection play a central role in evolution: Whereas nonbeneficial mutations often prevail in small populations by chance, mutations that sweep through large populations ... -
Genetic Engineering Toward a 57-Codon Genome
(2017-01-09)Scientific progress in fundamental biology has drastically transformed our ability to engineer biological systems, with diverse applications in medicine and industry, from insulin and artemisin production in prokaryotes ... -
Genetic Evidence of Human Adaptation to a Cooked Diet
(Oxford University Press, 2016)Humans have been argued to be biologically adapted to a cooked diet, but this hypothesis has not been tested at the molecular level. Here, we combine controlled feeding experiments in mice with comparative primate genomics ... -
The genetic heterogeneity and mutational burden of engineered melanomas in zebrafish models
(BioMed Central, 2013)Background: Melanoma is the most deadly form of skin cancer. Expression of oncogenic BRAF or NRAS, which are frequently mutated in human melanomas, promote the formation of nevi but are not sufficient for tumorigenesis. ... -
Genetic incompatibilities are widespread within species
(Nature Publishing Group, 2013)The importance of epistasis—non-additive interactions between alleles—in shaping population fitness has long been a controversial topic, hampered in part by lack of empirical evidence1, 2, 3, 4. Traditionally, epistasis ... -
Genetic Introgression: An Integral but neglected component of speciation in birds
(University of California Press, 2011)HYBRIDIZATION, OR THE act of reproduction between different species, is common in birds (Grant and Grant 1992) and can be an agent of adaptive evolution (Veen et al. 2001). When hybridization occurs, a species' genetic ... -
Genetic Method for Labeling Electrically Coupled Cells: Application to Retina
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2016)Understanding how the nervous system functions requires mapping synaptic connections between neurons. Several methods are available for imaging neurons connected by chemical synapses, but few enable marking neurons connected ... -
Genetic Methods and Studies of Human Growth and Development Across the Allelic Spectrum
(2016-05-09)Genetics is an incredibly powerful tool for interrogating human biology, as it allows us to identify genes influencing biological processes and diseases in a hypothesis-free manner and in the context of the human body. The ... -
Genetic Progression and the Waiting Time to Cancer
(Public Library of Science, 2007)Cancer results from genetic alterations that disturb the normal cooperative behavior of cells. Recent high-throughput genomic studies of cancer cells have shown that the mutational landscape of cancer is complex and that ... -
Genetic Regulation of Germ Layer Formation in Vertebrate Development
(2017-09-08)Early embryogenesis is a profoundly important time during which morphological rearrangements pattern the growing embryo. Research throughout animals has demonstrated that both the morphological changes and the underlying ... -
Genetic relatedness analysis reveals the cotransmission of genetically related Plasmodium falciparum parasites in Thiès, Senegal
(BioMed Central, 2017)Background: As public health interventions drive parasite populations to elimination, genetic epidemiology models that incorporate population genomics can be powerful tools for evaluating the effectiveness of continued ... -
Genetic research in autism spectrum disorders
(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2015)Purpose of review The recent explosion of genetic findings in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research has improved knowledge of the disorder's underlying biology and etiologic architecture. This review introduces concepts ...