Browsing Faculty of Arts and Sciences by Title

Now showing items 8971-8990 of 24540

    • Genetic Evidence of Human Adaptation to a Cooked Diet 

      Carmody, Rachel N.; Dannemann, Michael; Briggs, Adrian W.; Nickel, Birgit; Groopman, Emily E.; Wrangham, Richard W.; Kelso, Janet (Oxford University Press, 2016)
      Humans have been argued to be biologically adapted to a cooked diet, but this hypothesis has not been tested at the molecular level. Here, we combine controlled feeding experiments in mice with comparative primate genomics ...

    • The genetic heterogeneity and mutational burden of engineered melanomas in zebrafish models 

      Yen, Jennifer; White, Richard M; Wedge, David C; Van Loo, Peter; de Ridder, Jeroen; Capper, Amy; Richardson, Jennifer; Jones, David; Raine, Keiran; Watson, Ian R; Wu, Chang-Jiun; Cheng, Jiqiu; Martincorena, Iñigo; Nik-Zainal, Serena; Mudie, Laura; Moreau, Yves; Marshall, John; Ramakrishna, Manasa; Tarpey, Patrick; Shlien, Adam; Whitmore, Ian; Gamble, Steve; Latimer, Calli; Langdon, Erin; Kaufman, Charles; Dovey, Mike; Taylor, Alison; Menzies, Andy; McLaren, Stuart; O’Meara, Sarah; Butler, Adam; Teague, Jon; Lister, James; Chin, Lynda; Campbell, Peter; Adams, David J; Zon, Leonard I; Patton, E Elizabeth; Stemple, Derek L; Futreal, P Andy (BioMed Central, 2013)
      Background: Melanoma is the most deadly form of skin cancer. Expression of oncogenic BRAF or NRAS, which are frequently mutated in human melanomas, promote the formation of nevi but are not sufficient for tumorigenesis. ...

    • Genetic incompatibilities are widespread within species 

      Corbett-Detig, Russell B.; Zhou, Jun; Clark, Andrew G.; Hartl, Daniel L.; Ayroles, Julien (Nature Publishing Group, 2013)
      The importance of epistasis—non-additive interactions between alleles—in shaping population fitness has long been a controversial topic, hampered in part by lack of empirical evidence1, 2, 3, 4. Traditionally, epistasis ...

    • Genetic Introgression: An Integral but neglected component of speciation in birds 

      Rheindt, Frank Erwin; Edwards, Scott V. (University of California Press, 2011)
      HYBRIDIZATION, OR THE act of reproduction between different species, is common in birds (Grant and Grant 1992) and can be an agent of adaptive evolution (Veen et al. 2001). When hybridization occurs, a species' genetic ...

    • Genetic Method for Labeling Electrically Coupled Cells: Application to Retina 

      Qiao, Mu; Sanes, Joshua R. (Frontiers Media S.A., 2016)
      Understanding how the nervous system functions requires mapping synaptic connections between neurons. Several methods are available for imaging neurons connected by chemical synapses, but few enable marking neurons connected ...

    • Genetic Methods and Studies of Human Growth and Development Across the Allelic Spectrum 

      Guo, Michael (2016-05-09)
      Genetics is an incredibly powerful tool for interrogating human biology, as it allows us to identify genes influencing biological processes and diseases in a hypothesis-free manner and in the context of the human body. The ...

    • Genetic Progression and the Waiting Time to Cancer 

      Beerenwinkel, Niko; Antal, Tibor; Dingli, David; Traulsen, Arne; Velculescu, Victor E.; Vogelstein, Bert; Nowak, Martin A. (Public Library of Science, 2007)
      Cancer results from genetic alterations that disturb the normal cooperative behavior of cells. Recent high-throughput genomic studies of cancer cells have shown that the mutational landscape of cancer is complex and that ...

    • Genetic Regulation of Germ Layer Formation in Vertebrate Development 

      Norris, Megan (2017-09-08)
      Early embryogenesis is a profoundly important time during which morphological rearrangements pattern the growing embryo. Research throughout animals has demonstrated that both the morphological changes and the underlying ...

    • Genetic relatedness analysis reveals the cotransmission of genetically related Plasmodium falciparum parasites in Thiès, Senegal 

      Wong, Wesley; Griggs, Allison D.; Daniels, Rachel F.; Schaffner, Stephen F.; Ndiaye, Daouda; Bei, Amy K.; Deme, Awa B.; MacInnis, Bronwyn; Volkman, Sarah K.; Hartl, Daniel L.; Neafsey, Daniel E.; Wirth, Dyann F. (BioMed Central, 2017)
      Background: As public health interventions drive parasite populations to elimination, genetic epidemiology models that incorporate population genomics can be powerful tools for evaluating the effectiveness of continued ...

    • Genetic research in autism spectrum disorders 

      Robinson, Elise B.; Neale, Benjamin M.; Hyman, Steven E. (Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2015)
      Purpose of review The recent explosion of genetic findings in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research has improved knowledge of the disorder's underlying biology and etiologic architecture. This review introduces concepts ...

    • Genetic risk for autism spectrum disorders and neuropsychiatric variation in the general population 

      Robinson, Elise B.; St. Pourcain, Beate; Anttila, Verneri; Kosmicki, Jack A.; Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan; Grove, Jakob; Maller, Julian; Samocha, Kaitlin E.; Sanders, Stephan J.; Ripke, Stephan; Martin, Joanna; Hollegaard, Mads V.; Werge, Thomas; Hougaard, David M.; Neale, Benjamin M.; Evans, David M.; Skuse, David; Mortensen, Preben Bo; Børglum, Anders D.; Ronald, Angelica; Smith, George Davey; Daly, Mark J. (2016)
      Almost all genetic risk factors for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) can be found in the general population, but the effects of that risk are unclear in people not ascertained for neuropsychiatric symptoms. Using several ...

    • A Genetic Selection for dinB Mutants Reveals an Interaction between DNA Polymerase IV and the Replicative Polymerase That Is Required for Translesion Synthesis 

      Scotland, Michelle K.; Heltzel, Justin M. H.; Kath, James E.; Choi, Jung-Suk; Berdis, Anthony J.; Loparo, Joseph J.; Sutton, Mark D. (Public Library of Science, 2015)
      Translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) by specialized DNA polymerases (Pols) is a conserved mechanism for tolerating replication blocking DNA lesions. The actions of TLS Pols are managed in part by ring-shaped sliding clamp ...

    • The Genetic Signature of Sex-Biased Migration in Patrilocal Chimpanzees and Humans 

      Langergraber, Kevin E.; Siedel, Heike; Mitani, John C.; Reynolds, Vernon; Hunt, Kevin; Vigilant, Linda; Wrangham, Richard W. (Public Library of Science, 2007)
      A large body of theoretical work suggests that analyses of variation at the maternally inherited mitochondrial (mt)DNA and the paternally inherited non-recombining portion of the Y chromosome (NRY) are a potentially powerful ...

    • A Genetic Strategy for Probing the Functional Diversity of Magnetosome Formation 

      Rahn-Lee, Lilah; Byrne, Meghan E.; Zhang, Manjing; Le Sage, David; Glenn, David R.; Milbourne, Timothy; Walsworth, Ronald L.; Vali, Hojatollah; Komeili, Arash (Public Library of Science, 2015)
      Model genetic systems are invaluable, but limit us to understanding only a few organisms in detail, missing the variations in biological processes that are performed by related organisms. One such diverse process is the ...

    • Genetic Study of Population Mixture and Its Role in Human History 

      Moorjani, Priya (2013-09-25)
      Mixture between populations is an evolutionary process that shapes genetic variation. Intermixing between groups of distinct ancestries creates mosaics of chromosomal segments inherited from multiple ancestral populations. ...

    • Genetic Subdivision of Chemosynthetic Endosymbionts of Solemya velum along the Southern New England Coast 

      Stewart, Frank James; Baik, A. H. Y.; Cavanaugh, Colleen Marie (American Society for Microbiology, 2009)
      Population-level genetic diversity in the obligate symbiosis between the bivalve Solemya velum and its thioautotrophic bacterial endosymbiont was examined. Distinct populations along the New England coast shared a single ...

    • Genetic Surveillance Detects Both Clonal and Epidemic Transmission of Malaria following Enhanced Intervention in Senegal 

      Daniels, Rachel Fath; Chang, Hsiao-Han; Séne, Papa Diogoye; Park, Danny C.; Neafsey, Daniel Edward; Schaffner, Stephen; Hamilton, Elizabeth Julia; Lukens, Amanda Kathleen; Van Tyne, Daria Natalie; Mboup, Souleymane; Sabeti, Pardis Christine; Ndiaye, Daouda; Wirth, Dyann Fergus; Hartl, Daniel L.; Cooke, Sarah Volkman (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Using parasite genotyping tools, we screened patients with mild uncomplicated malaria seeking treatment at a clinic in Thiès, Senegal, from 2006 to 2011. We identified a growing frequency of infections caused by genetically ...

    • Genetic Targeting of the Endoderm with Claudin-6CreER 

      Anderson, William J.; Zhou, Qiao; Alcalde, Victor; Kaneko, Osamu F; Blank, Leah J; Sherwood, Richard Irving; Guseh, James Sawalla; Rajagopal, Jayaraj; Melton, Douglas A. (Wiley-Blackwell, 2008)
      A full description of the ontogeny of the β cell would guide efforts to generate β cells from embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The first step requires an understanding of definitive endoderm: the genes and signals responsible ...

    • Genetic variants associated with subjective well-being, depressive symptoms and neuroticism identified through genome-wide analyses 

      Okbay, Aysu; Baselmans, Bart M.L.; De Neve, Jan-Emmanuel; Turley, Patrick; Nivard, Michel G.; Fontana, Mark Alan; Meddens, S. Fleur W.; Linnér, Richard Karlsson; Rietveld, Cornelius A.; Derringer, Jaime; Gratten, Jacob; Lee, James J.; Liu, Jimmy Z.; de Vlaming, Ronald; Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S.; Buchwald, Jadwiga; Cavadino, Alana; Frazier-Wood, Alexis C.; Furlotte, Nicholas A.; Garfield, Victoria; Geisel, Marie Henrike; Gonzalez, Juan R.; Haitjema, Saskia; Karlsson, Robert; van der Laan, Sander W.; Ladwig, Karl-Heinz; Lahti, Jari; van der Lee, Sven J.; Lind, Penelope A.; Liu, Tian; Matteson, Lindsay; Mihailov, Evelin; Miller, Michael B.; Minica, Camelia C.; Nolte, Ilja M.; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis; van der Most, Peter J.; Oldmeadow, Christopher; Qian, Yong; Raitakari, Olli; Rawal, Rajesh; Realo, Anu; Rueedi, Rico; Schmidt, Börge; Smith, Albert V.; Stergiakouli, Evie; Tanaka, Toshiko; Taylor, Kent; Wedenoja, Juho; Wellmann, Juergen; Westra, Harm-Jan; Willems, Sara M.; Zhao, Wei; Amin, Najaf; Bakshi, Andrew; Boyle, Patricia A.; Cherney, Samantha; Cox, Simon R.; Davies, Gail; Davis, Oliver S.P.; Ding, Jun; Direk, Nese; Eibich, Peter; Emeny, Rebecca T.; Fatemifar, Ghazaleh; Faul, Jessica D.; Ferrucci, Luigi; Forstner, Andreas; Gieger, Christian; Gupta, Richa; Harris, Tamara B.; Harris, Juliette M.; Holliday, Elizabeth G.; Hottenga, Jouke-Jan; De Jager, Philip L.; Kaakinen, Marika A.; Kajantie, Eero; Karhunen, Ville; Kolcic, Ivana; Kumari, Meena; Launer, Lenore J.; Franke, Lude; Li-Gao, Ruifang; Koini, Marisa; Loukola, Anu; Marques-Vidal, Pedro; Montgomery, Grant W.; Mosing, Miriam A.; Paternoster, Lavinia; Pattie, Alison; Petrovic, Katja E.; Pulkki-Råback, Laura; Quaye, Lydia; Räikkönen, Katri; Rudan, Igor; Scott, Rodney J.; Smith, Jennifer A.; Sutin, Angelina R.; Trzaskowski, Maciej; Vinkhuyzen, Anna E.; Yu, Lei; Zabaneh, Delilah; Attia, John R.; Bennett, David A.; Berger, Klaus; Bertram, Lars; Boomsma, Dorret I.; Snieder, Harold; Chang, Shun-Chiao; Cucca, Francesco; Deary, Ian J.; van Duijn, Cornelia M.; Eriksson, Johan G.; Bültmann, Ute; de Geus, Eco J.C.; Groenen, Patrick J.F.; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Hansen, Torben; Hartman, Catharine A.; Haworth, Claire M.A.; Hayward, Caroline; Heath, Andrew C.; Hinds, David A.; Hyppönen, Elina; Iacono, William G.; Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta; Jöckel, Karl-Heinz; Kaprio, Jaakko; Kardia, Sharon L.R.; Keltikangas-Järvinen, Liisa; Kraft, Peter; Kubzansky, Laura D.; Lehtimäki, Terho; Magnusson, Patrik K.E.; Martin, Nicholas G.; McGue, Matt; Metspalu, Andres; Mills, Melinda; de Mutsert, Renée; Oldehinkel, Albertine J.; Pasterkamp, Gerard; Pedersen, Nancy L.; Plomin, Robert; Polasek, Ozren; Power, Christine; Rich, Stephen S.; Rosendaal, Frits R.; den Ruijter, Hester M.; Schlessinger, David; Schmidt, Helena; Svento, Rauli; Schmidt, Reinhold; Alizadeh, Behrooz Z.; Sørensen, Thorkild I.A.; Spector, Tim D.; Steptoe, Andrew; Terracciano, Antonio; Thurik, A. Roy; Timpson, Nicholas J.; Tiemeier, Henning; Uitterlinden, André G.; Vollenweider, Peter; Wagner, Gert G.; Weir, David R.; Yang, Jian; Conley, Dalton C.; Smith, George Davey; Hofman, Albert; Johannesson, Magnus; Laibson, David I.; Medland, Sarah E.; Meyer, Michelle N.; Pickrell, Joseph K.; Esko, Tõnu; Krueger, Robert F.; Beauchamp, Jonathan P.; Koellinger, Philipp D.; Benjamin, Daniel J.; Bartels, Meike; Cesarini, David (2016)
      We conducted genome-wide association studies of three phenotypes: subjective well-being (N = 298,420), depressive symptoms (N = 161,460), and neuroticism (N = 170,910). We identified three variants associated with subjective ...

    • Genetic Variation and the Fate of Beneficial Mutations in Asexual Populations 

      Lang, Gregory I.; Botstein, David; Desai, Michael M (Genetics Society of America, 2011)
      The fate of a newly arising beneficial mutation depends on many factors, such as the population size and the availability and fitness effects of other mutations that accumulate in the population. It has proven difficult ...