Browsing FAS Scholarly Articles by Title
Now showing items 1407-1426 of 18258
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A biophysical protein folding model accounts for most mutational fitness effects in viruses
(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2011)Fitness effects of mutations fall on a continuum ranging from lethal to deleterious to beneficial. The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) among random mutations is an essential component of every evolutionary model and ... -
Biophysics of Molecular Gastronomy
(Elsevier BV, 2015-03)Chefs and scientists exploring biophysical processes have given rise to molecular gastronomy. In this Commentary, we describe how a scientific understanding of recipes and techniques facilitates the development of new ... -
Biopolymer network geometries: Characterization, regeneration, and elastic properties
(American Physical Society, 2010)We study the geometry of biopolymer networks and effects of the geometry on bulk mechanical properties. It is shown numerically that the physical network geometry can be quantified statistically and regenerated from its ... -
Biopolymer Structure Simulation and Optimization via Fragment Regrowth Monte Carlo
(American Institute of Physics, 2007)An efficient exploration of the configuration space of a biopolymer is essential for its structure modeling and prediction. In this study, the authors propose a new Monte Carlo method, fragment regrowth via energy-guided ... -
Bioprinting of 3D Convoluted Renal Proximal Tubules on Perfusable Chips
(Nature Publishing Group, 2016)Three-dimensional models of kidney tissue that recapitulate human responses are needed for drug screening, disease modeling, and, ultimately, kidney organ engineering. Here, we report a bioprinting method for creating 3D ... -
The biopsychosocial model of stress in adolescence: self-awareness of performance versus stress reactivity
(Informa UK Limited, 2014)Extensive research among adults supports the biopsychosocial (BPS) model of challenge and threat, which describes relationships among stress appraisals, physiological stress reactivity, and performance; however, no previous ... -
Bioresponsive matrices in drug delivery
(Springer Science + Business Media, 2010)For years, the field of drug delivery has focused on (1) controlling the release of a therapeutic and (2) targeting the therapeutic to a specific cell type. These research endeavors have concentrated mainly on the development ... -
A biorobotic model of the suction-feeding system in largemouth bass: the roles of motor program speed and hyoid kinematics
(The Company of Biologists, 2016)The vast majority of ray-finned fishes capture prey through suction feeding. The basis of this behavior is the generation of subambient pressure through rapid expansion of a highly kinetic skull. Over the last four decades, ... -
Biosocial Approaches to the 2013-2016 Ebola Pandemic
(Harvard University Press, 2016)Abstract Despite more than 25 documented outbreaks of Ebola since 1976, our understanding of the disease is limited, in particular the social, political, ecological, and economic forces that promote (or limit) its spread. ... -
Biostratigraphic and Chemostratigraphic Correlation of Neoproterozoic Sedimentary Successions: Upper Tindir Group, Northwestern Canada, as a Test Case
(Geological Society of America, 1992)Recent advances in Proterozoic micropaleontology and sedimentary isotope geochemistry suggest that improved interbasinal correlation of Neoproterozoic (1000-540 Ma) successions is possible. Because widely varying interpretations ... -
The biosynthesis of cyanobacterial sunscreen scytonemin in intertidal microbial mat communities
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2011)We have examined the biosynthesis and accumulation of cyanobacterial sunscreening pigment scytonemin within intertidal microbial mat communities using a combination of chemical, molecular, and phylogenetic approaches. Both ... -
The Biotic Crisis and the Future of Evolution
(National Academy of Sciences, 2001)The biotic crisis overtaking our planet is likely to precipitate a major extinction of species. That much is well known. Not so well known but probably more significant in the long term is that the crisis will surely disrupt ... -
Bipolar Diffusion of Current Carriers in the Presence of Deep Traps
(1957)We have investigated bipolar diffusion in the presence of traps, taking into consideration the dependence of minority carrier lifetime on the population of the traps, and have established criteria for the validity of the ... -
A Bird's Eye View of Neural Circuit Formation
(Elsevier, 2011)Neural circuits underlying complex learned behaviors, such as speech in humans, develop under genetic constraints and in response to environmental influences. Little is known about the rules and mechanisms through which ... -
Birds have paedomorphic dinosaur skulls
(Nature Publishing Group, 2012)The interplay of evolution and development has been at the heart of evolutionary theory for more than a century. Heterochrony—change in the timing or rate of developmental events—has been implicated in the evolution of ... -
The Birth and Growth of the Social Insurance State: Explaining Old-Age and Medical Insurance Across Countries
(Springer Verlag, 2004)We seek to explain why countries have adopted national Old-Age Insurance and Health Insurance programs. Theoretical work has posited several factors that could lead to this adoption: the strain from expanding capitalism; ... -
Birth of a relativistic outflow in the unusual γ-ray transient Swift J164449.3+573451
(Springer Nature, 2011)Active galactic nuclei, which are powered by long-term accretion onto central supermassive black holes, produce1 relativistic jets with lifetimes of at least one million years, and the observation of the birth of such a ... -
Birth weight-for-gestational age is associated with DNA methylation at birth and in childhood
(BioMed Central, 2016)Background: Both higher and lower fetal growth are associated with cardio-metabolic health later in life, suggesting that prenatal developmental programming determines long-term cardiovascular disease risk. Epigenetic ... -
Birthdays to Remember
(Nature Publishing Group, 2008) -
Birthplace Diversity and Economic Prosperity
(2015)We propose an index of population diversity based on peopleís birthplaces and decompose it into a size (share of immigrants) and a variety (diversity of immigrants) component. We show that birthplace diversity is largely ...