Now showing items 4423-4442 of 18256

    • Economic Hierarchical Q-learning 

      Schultink, Erik; Cavallo, Ruggiero; Parkes, David C. (Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, 2008)
      Hierarchical state decompositions address the curse-of-dimensionality in Q-learning methods for reinforcement learning (RL) but can suffer from suboptimality. In addressing this, we introduce the Economic Hierarchical ...
    • Economic History and Nationalism 

      Rothschild, Emma (Project Muse, 2021-02-06)
      In “Economic Theory and Nationalism,” written in 1934, the economist Frank Knight identified two tendencies—one towards gross inequality and the other towards new techniques of influence—that appeared to be leading to ...
    • Economic Integration and Political Disintegration 

      Alesina, Alberto; Spolaore, Enrico; Wacziarg, Romain (American Economic Association, 2000)
      In a world of trade restrictions, large countries enjoy economic benefits, because political boundaries determine the size of the market. Under free trade and global markets even relatively small cultural, linguistic or ...
    • Economic Interdependence and War 

      Cooper, Richard N. (MIT Press, 2014)
    • Economic Origins and Aims: A Role for Religious Thinking? 

      Friedman, Benjamin Morton (Yale Divinity School, 2010)
    • Economic Profitability of Social Predation Among Wild Chimpanzees: Individual Variation Promotes Cooperation 

      Gilby, Ian C.; Eberly, Lynn E.; Wrangham, Richard W. (Elsevier, 2008)
      Social predation (hunting in groups) presents a collective action problem. If nonhunters can obtain meat following a kill, it is unclear why an individual would choose to incur hunting costs.We explored this question using ...
    • Economic Profitability Versus Ecological Entropy 

      Weitzman, Martin L. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 2000)
      There is a long-standing trade-off in bioculture between concentrating on high-yield varieties and maintaining sufficient diversity to lower the risks of catastrophic infection. The paper uses a simple ecology-based model ...
    • Economic reasoning and artificial intelligence 

      Parkes, David C.; Wellman, M. P. (American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2015)
      The field of artificial intelligence (AI) strives to build rational agents capable of perceiving the world around them and taking actions to advance specified goals. Put another way, AI researchers aim to construct a ...
    • Economic Risk and Political Risk in Fiscal Unions 

      Alesina, Alberto; Perotti, Roberto (Blackwell Publishing, 1994)
      A fiscal programme that redistributes income from rich to poor individuals indirectly redistributes tax revenues from regions hit by a favourable shock to regions hit by an unfavourable one. Centralised fiscal redistribution ...
    • The Economic Sociology of Capitalism, edited by Victor Nee and Richard Swedberg 

      Dobbin, Frank (University of Chicago Press, 2006)
    • An Economically Principled Generative Model of AS Graph Connectivity 

      Corbo, Jacomo; Jain, Shaili; Mitzenmacher, Michael D.; Parkes, David C. (Association for Computing Machinery, 2007)
      We explore the problem of modeling Internet connectivity at the Autonomous System (AS) level and present an economically-principled dynamic model that reproduces key features of the AS graph structure. We view the graph ...
    • An Economically-Principled Generative Model of AS Graph Connectivity 

      Corbo, Jacomo; Jain, Shaili; Mitzenmacher, Michael D.; Parkes, David C. (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2009)
      End-to-end packet delivery in the Internet is achieved through a system of interconnections between the network domains of independent entities called autonomous systems (ASes). Inter-domain connections are the result of ...
    • The Economics of Emancipation 

      Goldin, Claudia (Cambridge University Press, 1973)
    • The Economics of Fair Trade 

      Dragusanu, Raluca; Giovannucci, Daniele; Nunn, Nathan (American Economic Association, 2014)
      Fair Trade is a labeling initiative aimed at improving the lives of the poor in developing countries by offering better terms to producers and helping them to organize. Whether Fair Trade can achieve its intended goals has ...
    • The Economics of Intervention: American Overseas Investments and Relations with Underdeveloped Areas, 1890-1950 

      Frieden, Jeffry (Cambridge University Press, 1989)
      This essay has presented a framework for the analysis of economic factors in political relations between developed and developing areas. The most relevant considerations in this regard are the potential costs of imperial ...
    • The Economics of Science and Technology Policy 

      Freeman, Richard Barry (Stanford University Press, 2011)
    • Economics: A Moral Inquiry with Religious Origins 

      Friedman, Benjamin Morton (American Economic Association, 2011)
      In contrast to the standard interpretation of the origins of economics out of the secular European Enlightenment of the 18th century, the transition in thinking that we rightly identify with Adam Smith and his contemporaries ...
    • The Economist as Engineer: Game Theory, Experimentation, and Computation as Tools for Design Economics 

      Roth, Alvin E. (The Econometric Society, 2002)
      Economists have lately been called upon not only to analyze markets, but to design them. Market design involves a responsibility for detail, a need to deal with all of a market’s complications, not just its principle ...
    • An Economist's Perspective on Multi-Agent Learning 

      Fudenberg, Drew; Levine, David (Elsevier, 2007)
      We comment on the Shoham, Powers, and Grenager survey of multi-agent learning and game theory, emphasizing that some of their categories are important for economics and others are not. We also try to correct some minor ...
    • Ecophysiological Traits of Terrestrial and Aquatic Carnivorous Plants: Are the Costs and Benefits the Same? 

      Ellison, Aaron M.; Adamec, Lubomír (Wiley-Blackwell, 2011)
      Identification of trade-offs among physiological and morphological traits and their use in cost-benefit models and ecological or evolutionary optimization arguments have been hallmarks of ecological analysis for at least ...