Browsing FAS Scholarly Articles by Title

Now showing items 5342-5361 of 18292

    • The Evolution of Sharedplans 

      Grosz, Barbara J.; Kraus, Sarit (Springer Science + Business Media, 1999)
      Rational agents often need to work together. There are jobs that cannot be done by one agent—for example, singing a duet or operating a computer network—and jobs that are more efficiently done by more than one agent—for ...

    • Evolution of Spur-Length Diversity in Aquilegia Petals Is Achieved Solely Through Cell-Shape Anisotropy 

      Puzey, Joshua Robert; Gerbode, S. J.; Hodges, S. A.; Kramer, Elena M.; Mahadevan, Lakshminarayanan (The Royal Society, 2012)
      The role of petal spurs and specialized pollinator interactions has been studied since Darwin. Aquilegia petal spurs exhibit striking size and shape diversity, correlated with specialized pollinators ranging from bees to ...

    • Evolution of sweet taste perception in hummingbirds by transformation of the ancestral umami receptor 

      Baldwin, Maude Wheeler; Toda, Y.; Nakagita, T.; O'Connell, Mary J.; Klasing, Kirk C.; Misaka, T.; Edwards, Scott V.; Liberles, Stephen D (American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2014)
      Sensory systems define an animal's capacity for perception and can evolve to promote survival in new environmental niches. We have uncovered a noncanonical mechanism for sweet taste perception that evolved in hummingbirds ...

    • Evolution of the 21 cm signal throughout cosmic history 

      Pritchard, Jonathan R.; Loeb, Abraham (American Physical Society, 2008-11-13)
      The potential use of the redshifted 21 cm line from neutral hydrogen for probing the epoch of reionization is motivating the construction of several low-frequency interferometers. There is also much interest in the possibility ...

    • The Evolution of the Anopheles 16 Genomes Project 

      Neafsey, Daniel E.; Christophides, George K.; Collins, Frank H.; Emrich, Scott J.; Fontaine, Michael C.; Gelbart, William; Hahn, Matthew W.; Howell, Paul I.; Kafatos, Fotis C.; Lawson, Daniel; Muskavitch, Marc A. T.; Waterhouse, Robert M.; Williams, Louise J.; Besansky, Nora J. (Genetics Society of America, 2013)
      We report the imminent completion of a set of reference genome assemblies for 16 species of Anopheles mosquitoes. In addition to providing a generally useful resource for comparative genomic analyses, these genome sequences ...

    • The Evolution of the Avian Shoulder Joint 

      Jenkins, Farish (1993-01-01)
      The concavoconvex glenoid and bulbous humeral head of modern birds represent both structurally and functionally a hemisellar (half saddle) joint modified from a pattern common among post-Paleozoic tetrapods. Birds share ...

    • Evolution of the bilaterian germ line: Lineage origin and modulation of specification mechanisms 

      Extavour, Cassandra G. (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2007)
      A key focus of evolutionary developmental biology (evo–devo) in recent years has been to elucidate the evolution of developmental mechanisms as a means of reconstructing the hypothetical last common ancestors of various ...

    • Evolution of the head-trunk interface in tetrapod vertebrates 

      Sefton, Elizabeth M; Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan S; Mohaddes, Zahra; Hanken, James (eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2016)
      Vertebrate neck musculature spans the transition zone between head and trunk. The extent to which the cucullaris muscle is a cranial muscle allied with the gill levators of anamniotes or is instead a trunk muscle is an ...

    • Evolution of the Intergalactic Opacity: Implications for the Ionizing Background, Cosmic Star Formation, and Quasar Activity 

      Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André; Lidz, Adam; Hernquist, Lars; Zaldarriaga, Matias (American Astronomical Society, 2008-11-20)

    • The Evolution of the Labor Market for Medical Interns and Residents: A Case Study in Game Theory 

      Roth, Alvin E. (University of Chicago Press, 1984)
      The organization of the labor market for medical interns and residents underwent a number of changes before taking its present form in 1951. The record of these changes and the problems that prompted them provides an unusual ...

    • The Evolution of the Language Faculty: Clarifications and Implications 

      Fitch, W. Tecumseh; Hauser, Marc; Chomsky, Noam (Elsevier, 2005)
      In this response to Pinker and Jackendoff's critique, we extend our previous framework for discussion of language evolution, clarifying certain distinctions and elaborating on a number of points. In the first half of the ...

    • Evolution of the mammalian fauces region and the origin of suckling 

      Crompton, Alfred; Musinsky, Catherine; Bonaparte, Jose; Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan; Owerkowicz, Tomasz (2018)
      Therian suckling requires the presence of two oral seals: an anterior one formed by the tongue partially surrounding the teat and pressing it against the palate, thereby closing the gap between the exterior and oral cavity; ...

    • Evolution of the Petal and Stamen Developmental Programs: Evidence from Comparative Studies of the Basal Angiosperms 

      Kramer, Elena; Irish, Vivian F. (University of Chicago Press, 2000)
      Our recently acquired understanding of the ABC program, which controls floral organ identity in model plant species such as <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and <i>Antirrhinum majus</i>, has provided a new set of characters ...

    • Evolution of the Reverse Shock Emission from SNR 1987A 

      Heng, Kevin; McCray, Richard; Zhekov, Svetozar A.; Challis, Peter M.; Chevalier, Roger A.; Crotts, Arlin P. S.; Fransson, Claes; Garnavich, Peter; Kirshner, Robert P.; Lawrence, Stephen S.; Lundqvist, Peter; Panagia, Nino; Pun, C. S. J.; Smith, Nathan; Sollerman, Jesper; Wang, Lifan (American Astronomical Society, 2006)
      We present new ( 2004 July) G750L and G140L Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph ( STIS) data of the H alpha and Ly alpha emission from supernova remnant ( SNR) 1987A. With the aid of earlier data, from 1997 October to ...

    • The Evolution of Throwing: Improving Performance through Kinematic Optimization 

      Roach, Neil Thomas; Roebuck, Phillip; Lieberman, Daniel (John Wiley & Sons, 2008)
      How do humans throw with such power and accuracy? Chimpanzees, our closest living relatives, occasionally throw using a windmill-type motion, rather than the overarm “baseball” style throw that allows humans to achieve ...

    • The Evolution of Two-Sided Markets: A Dynamic Model 

      Zhu, Feng; Mitzenmacher, Michael D. (2010)
      Static models of two-sided markets often lead to multiple equilibria as a result of increasing return to demand. Typically the market can be monopolistic or oligopolistic in equilibrium. We provide a simple dynamic model ...

    • Evolution of Xylem Lignification and Hydrogel Transport Regulation 

      Boyce, C. Kevin; Zwieniecki, Maciej A.; Cody, George D.; Jacobsen, Chris; Wirick, Sue; Knoll, Andrew; Holbrook, N. Michele (National Academy of Sciences, 2004)
      In vascular plants, the polysaccharide-based walls of water-conducting cells are strengthened by impregnation with the polyphenolic polymer lignin. The fine-scale patterning of lignin deposition in water-conducting cells ...

    • The Evolution Ringmaster 

      Hoekstra, Hopi E. (Elsevier BV, 2009)

    • Evolution under Fluctuating Environments Explains Observed Robustness in Metabolic Networks 

      Soyer, Orkun S.; Pfeiffer, Thomas (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      A high level of robustness against gene deletion is observed in many organisms. However, it is still not clear which biochemical features underline this robustness and how these are acquired during evolution. One hypothesis, ...

    • Evolution, Cooperation, and Repeated Games 

      Maskin, Eric (Springer Nature, 2009)
      I discuss recent work that characterizes what outcomes correspond to evolutionarily stable strategies in two-player symmetric repeated games when players have a positive probability of making a mistake.