Browsing FAS Scholarly Articles by Title
Now showing items 7831-7850 of 18292
-
Inclusive fitness theory and eusociality
(Nature Publishing Group, 2011)Nowak et al. argue that inclusive fitness theory has been of little value in explaining the natural world, and that it has led to negligible progress in explaining the evolution of eusociality. However, we believe that ... -
Inclusive Taxon Sampling Suggests a Single, Stepwise Origin of Ectolecithality in Platyhelminthes
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2014)Ectolecithality is a form of oogenesis unique within Metazoa but common in Platyhelminthes, in which almost yolkless oocytes and tightly associated yolk cells are deposited together in egg capsules. Despite profound impacts ... -
Income and Democracy: Lipset's Law Inverted
(Oxford Centre for the Analysis of Resource Rich Economies, 2012)In this article, we revisit Lipset’s law (Lipset 1959), which posits a positive and significant relationship between income and democracy. Using dynamic panel data estimation techniques that account for short-run cross-country ... -
Income Distribution, Political Instability, and Investment
(Elsevier, 1996)This paper successfully tests on a sample of 71 countries for the period 1960–85 the following hypotheses. Income inequality, by fuelling social discontent, increases sociopolitical instability. The latter, by creating ... -
Income Distribution, Product Quality, and International Trade
(University of Chicago Press, 2011)We develop a framework for studying trade in vertically and horizontally differentiated products. In our model, consumers with heterogeneous incomes and tastes purchase a homogeneous good as well as making a discrete choice ... -
Incommensurate Smectic Order at the Free Surface in the Nematic Phase of \(4-N-Heptylphenyl-4'-(4"-Nitrobenzoyloxy)Benzoate (DB7NO_2)\)
(American Physical Society, 1987)We report x-ray reflectivity measurements on the free surface of \(4-n-heptylphenyl-4'-(4"-nitrobenzoyloxy)benzoate (DB7NO_2)\) at the nematic to smectic-A phase transition, \(T_{NA}=99.9^{\circ}C\). The free surface in ... -
Incomplete Contracts and Ownership: Some New Thoughts
(American Economic Association, 2007) -
Incomplete contracts and the boundaries of the multinational firm
(Elsevier BV, 2013)Using data on U.S. intra-firm and arm’s-length imports for 5,705 products imported from 220 countries, we examine the determinants of the share of U.S. imports that are intra-firm. We examine two predictions that arise from ... -
Incomplete Contracts and the Internal Organization of Firms
(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2013)We survey the theoretical and empirical literature on decentralization within firms. We first discuss how the concept of incomplete contracts shapes our views about the organization of decision-making. We then overview the ... -
Incomplete Contracts and the Product Cycle
(American Economic Association, 2005)I present a model in which the incomplete nature of contracts governing international transactions limits the extent to which the production process can be fragmented across borders. Because of contractual frictions, goods ... -
Incomplete Contracts and the Theory of the Firm: What Have We Learned over the Past 25 Years?
(American Economic Association, 2011) -
Incomplete Dot Products for Dynamic Computation Scaling in Neural Network Inference
(IEEE, 2017-12)We propose the use of incomplete dot products (IDP) to dynamically adjust the number of input channels used in each layer of a convolutional neural network during feedforward inference. IDP adds monotonically non-increasing ... -
Incomplete Information Bargaining with Outside Opportunities
(MIT Press, 1987)We consider two kinds of ‘outside opportunity’ that a seller of an indivisible good might have: selling to a different buyer and consuming the good herself. In both models the seller is uncertain about the buyer's valuation, ... -
Incomplete Social Contracts
(MIT Press, 2003)There is a long normative ‘Social Contract’ tradition that attempts to characterize ex-post income inequalities that are agreeable to all ‘behind a veil of ignorance.’ This paper takes a similar normative approach to ... -
Incompressibility of Classical Distributions
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2022-03)In blind compression of quantum states, a sender Alice is given a specimen of a quantum state ρ drawn from a known ensemble (but without knowing what ρ is), and she transmits sufficient quantum data to a receiver Bob so ... -
Incorporating a Semi-Stochastic Model of Ocean-Modulated Westerly Wind Bursts into an ENSO Prediction Model
(Springer Wien, 2009)Prediction models of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon often represent westerly wind bursts (WWBs), a significant player in ENSO dynamics, as stochastic forcing. A recent paper developed an observationally ... -
Incorporating Contact Network Structure in Cluster Randomized Trials
(Nature Publishing Group, 2015)Whenever possible, the efficacy of a new treatment is investigated by randomly assigning some individuals to a treatment and others to control, and comparing the outcomes between the two groups. Often, when the treatment ... -
Incorporating Helpful Behavior into Collaborative Planning
(Springer Verlag, 2009)This paper considers the design of agent strategies for deciding whether to help other members of a group with whom an agent is engaged in a collaborative activity. Three characteristics of collaborative planning must be ... -
Incorporation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Quantum Dots into Silica Microspheres
(American Chemical Society, 2008)We describe the synthesis of magnetic and fluorescent silica microspheres fabricated by incorporating maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles (MPs) and CdSe/CdZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) into a silica shell around preformed ...