Browsing FAS Scholarly Articles by Keyword "Microbial Pathogens"

Now showing items 1-19 of 19

    • Anemia at the Initiation of Tuberculosis Therapy Is Associated with Delayed Sputum Conversion among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania 

      Nagu, Tumaini J.; Spiegelman, Donna; Hertzmark, Ellen; Aboud, Said; Makani, Julie; Matee, Mecky I.; Fawzi, Wafaie; Mugusi, Ferdinand (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis and anemia are both prevalent in Tanzania. There is limited and inconsistent literature on the association between anemia and sputum conversion following tuberculosis treatment. Methods: ...

    • Antigen-Specific Antibody Glycosylation Is Regulated via Vaccination 

      Mahan, Alison E.; Jennewein, Madeleine F.; Suscovich, Todd; Dionne, Kendall; Tedesco, Jacquelynne; Chung, Amy W.; Streeck, Hendrik; Pau, Maria; Schuitemaker, Hanneke; Francis, Don; Fast, Patricia; Laufer, Dagna; Walker, Bruce D.; Baden, Lindsey; Barouch, Dan H.; Alter, Galit (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Antibody effector functions, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement deposition, and antibody-dependent phagocytosis, play a critical role in immunity against multiple pathogens, particularly in the ...

    • Differences in the Selection Bottleneck between Modes of Sexual Transmission Influence the Genetic Composition of the HIV-1 Founder Virus 

      Tully, Damien C.; Ogilvie, Colin B.; Batorsky, Rebecca E.; Bean, David J.; Power, Karen A.; Ghebremichael, Musie; Bedard, Hunter E.; Gladden, Adrianne D.; Seese, Aaron M.; Amero, Molly A.; Lane, Kimberly; McGrath, Graham; Bazner, Suzane B.; Tinsley, Jake; Lennon, Niall J.; Henn, Matthew R.; Brumme, Zabrina L.; Norris, Philip J.; Rosenberg, Eric S.; Mayer, Kenneth H.; Jessen, Heiko; Kosakovsky Pond, Sergei L.; Walker, Bruce D.; Altfeld, Marcus; Carlson, Jonathan M.; Allen, Todd M. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Due to the stringent population bottleneck that occurs during sexual HIV-1 transmission, systemic infection is typically established by a limited number of founder viruses. Elucidation of the precise forces influencing the ...

    • Dynamics of the Microbiota in Response to Host Infection 

      Belzer, Clara; Gerber, Georg K.; Roeselers, Guus; Delaney, Mary; DuBois, Andrea; Liu, Qing; Belavusava, Vera; Yeliseyev, Vladimir; Houseman, Andres; Onderdonk, Andrew; Cavanaugh, Colleen; Bry, Lynn (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Longitudinal studies of the microbiota are important for discovering changes in microbial communities that affect the host. The complexity of these ecosystems requires rigorous integrated experimental and computational ...

    • The ESX System in Bacillus subtilis Mediates Protein Secretion 

      Huppert, Laura A.; Ramsdell, Talia L.; Chase, Michael R.; Sarracino, David A.; Fortune, Sarah M.; Burton, Briana M. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Esat-6 protein secretion systems (ESX or Ess) are required for the virulence of several human pathogens, most notably Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus. These secretion systems are defined by a conserved ...

    • Identification of Listeria monocytogenes Determinants Required for Biofilm Formation 

      Alonso, Almaris N.; Perry, Kyle J.; Regeimbal, James M.; Regan, Patrick M.; Higgins, Darren E. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive, food-borne pathogen of humans and animals. L. monocytogenes is considered to be a potential public health risk by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as this bacterium ...

    • Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Phenazines that Kill Caenorhabditis elegans 

      Cezairliyan, Brent Orvin; Vinayavekhin, Nawaporn; Grenfell-Lee, Daniel; Yuen, Grace J.; Saghatelian, Alan; Ausubel, Frederick M. (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Pathogenic microbes employ a variety of methods to overcome host defenses, including the production and dispersal of molecules that are toxic to their hosts. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative bacterium, is a pathogen ...

    • Minimally Symptomatic Infection in an Ebola ‘Hotspot’: A Cross-Sectional Serosurvey 

      Richardson, Eugene T.; Kelly, J. Daniel; Barrie, Mohamed Bailor; Mesman, Annelies W.; Karku, Sahr; Quiwa, Komba; Marsh, Regan H.; Koedoyoma, Songor; Daboh, Fodei; Barron, Kathryn P.; Grady, Michael; Tucker, Elizabeth; Dierberg, Kerry L.; Rutherford, George W.; Barry, Michele; Jones, James Holland; Murray, Megan B.; Farmer, Paul E. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Introduction: Evidence for minimally symptomatic Ebola virus (EBOV) infection is limited. During the 2013–16 outbreak in West Africa, it was not considered epidemiologically relevant to published models or projections of ...

    • Missense Mutations Allow a Sequence-Blind Mutant of SpoIIIE to Successfully Translocate Chromosomes during Sporulation 

      Bose, Baundauna; Reed, Sydney E.; Besprozvannaya, Marina; Burton, Briana M. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      SpoIIIE directionally pumps DNA across membranes during Bacillus subtilis sporulation and vegetative growth. The sequence-reading domain (γ domain) is required for directional DNA transport, and its deletion severely impairs ...

    • Morphogenic Protein RodZ Interacts with Sporulation Specific SpoIIE in Bacillus subtilis 

      Muchová, Katarína; Chromiková, Zuzana; Bradshaw, Niels; Wilkinson, Anthony J.; Barák, Imrich (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      The first landmark in sporulation of Bacillus subtilis is the formation of an asymmetric septum followed by selective activation of the transcription factor σF in the resulting smaller cell. How the morphological transformations ...

    • Parallel Mutations Result in a Wide Range of Cooperation and Community Consequences in a Two-Species Bacterial Consortium 

      Douglas, Sarah M.; Chubiz, Lon M.; Harcombe, William R.; Ytreberg, F. Marty; Marx, Christopher J. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Multi-species microbial communities play a critical role in human health, industry, and waste remediation. Recently, the evolution of synthetic consortia in the laboratory has enabled adaptation to be addressed in the ...

    • Persistent Low-Level Replication of SIVΔnef Drives Maturation of Antibody and CD8 T Cell Responses to Induce Protective Immunity against Vaginal SIV Infection 

      Adnan, Sama; Reeves, R. Keith; Gillis, Jacqueline; Wong, Fay E.; Yu, Yi; Camp, Jeremy V.; Li, Qingsheng; Connole, Michelle; Li, Yuan; Piatak, Michael; Lifson, Jeffrey D.; Li, Wenjun; Keele, Brandon F.; Kozlowski, Pamela A.; Desrosiers, Ronald C.; Haase, Ashley T.; Johnson, R. Paul (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Defining the correlates of immune protection conferred by SIVΔnef, the most effective vaccine against SIV challenge, could enable the design of a protective vaccine against HIV infection. Here we provide a comprehensive ...

    • Post-Translational Regulation via Clp Protease Is Critical for Survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 

      Raju, Ravikiran M.; Jedrychowski, Mark P.; Wei, Jun-Rong; Pinkham, Jessica T.; Park, Annie S.; O'Brien, Kathryn; Rehren, German; Schnappinger, Dirk; Gygi, Steven P.; Rubin, Eric J. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Unlike most bacterial species, Mycobacterium tuberculosis depends on the Clp proteolysis system for survival even in in vitro conditions. We hypothesized that Clp is required for the physiologic turnover of mycobacterial ...

    • Production of Mucosally Transmissible SHIV Challenge Stocks from HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form 01_AE env Sequences 

      Tartaglia, Lawrence J.; Chang, Hui-Wen; Lee, Benjamin C.; Abbink, Peter; Ng’ang’a, David; Boyd, Michael; Lavine, Christy L.; Lim, So-Yon; Sanisetty, Srisowmya; Whitney, James B.; Seaman, Michael S.; Rolland, Morgane; Tovanabutra, Sodsai; Ananworanich, Jintanat; Robb, Merlin L.; Kim, Jerome H.; Michael, Nelson L.; Barouch, Dan H. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenge stocks are critical for preclinical testing of vaccines, antibodies, and other interventions aimed to prevent HIV-1. A major unmet need for the field has been the lack ...

    • Rabies Internalizes into Primary Peripheral Neurons via Clathrin Coated Pits and Requires Fusion at the Cell Body 

      Piccinotti, Silvia; Whelan, Sean P. J. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      The single glycoprotein (G) of rabies virus (RABV) dictates all viral entry steps from receptor engagement to membrane fusion. To study the uptake of RABV into primary neuronal cells in culture, we generated a recombinant ...

    • Real-Time Predictions of Reservoir Size and Rebound Time during Antiretroviral Therapy Interruption Trials for HIV 

      Hill, Alison L.; Rosenbloom, Daniel I. S.; Goldstein, Edward; Hanhauser, Emily; Kuritzkes, Daniel R.; Siliciano, Robert F.; Henrich, Timothy J. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Monitoring the efficacy of novel reservoir-reducing treatments for HIV is challenging. The limited ability to sample and quantify latent infection means that supervised antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption studies are ...

    • Stationary Phase-Specific Virulence Factor Overproduction by a lasR Mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 

      Cabeen, Matthew T. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Secreted virulence factors of the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa are often under quorum sensing control. Cells lacking the quorum-sensing regulator LasR show reduced virulence factor production under typical laboratory ...

    • Transitioning to Country Ownership of HIV Programs in Rwanda 

      Binagwaho, Agnes; Kankindi, Ida; Kayirangwa, Eugenie; Nyemazi, Jean Pierre; Nsanzimana, Sabin; Morales, Fernando; Kadende-Kaiser, Rose; Scott, Kirstin Woody; Mugisha, Veronicah; Sahabo, Ruben; Baribwira, Cyprien; Isanhart, Leia; Asiimwe, Anita; El-Sadr, Wafaa M.; Raghunathan, Pratima L. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Agnes Binagwaho and colleagues describe how Rwanda achieved country ownership of its HIV programs.

    • Widespread Shortening of 3’ Untranslated Regions and Increased Exon Inclusion Are Evolutionarily Conserved Features of Innate Immune Responses to Infection 

      Pai, Athma A.; Baharian, Golshid; Pagé Sabourin, Ariane; Brinkworth, Jessica F.; Nédélec, Yohann; Foley, Joseph W.; Grenier, Jean-Christophe; Siddle, Katherine J.; Dumaine, Anne; Yotova, Vania; Johnson, Zachary P.; Lanford, Robert E.; Burge, Christopher B.; Barreiro, Luis B. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      The contribution of pre-mRNA processing mechanisms to the regulation of immune responses remains poorly studied despite emerging examples of their role as regulators of immune defenses. We sought to investigate the role ...