Now showing items 1-20 of 26

    • Adaptive Radiation: Contrasting Theory with Data 

      Gavrilets, Sergey; Losos, Jonathan (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2009)
      Biologists have long been fascinated by the exceptionally high diversity displayed by some evolutionary groups. Adaptive radiation in such clades is not only spectacular, but is also an extremely complex process influenced ...
    • Discovering Communities through Friendship 

      Morrison, Gregory C.; Mahadevan, Lakshminarayanan (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      We introduce a new method for detecting communities of arbitrary size in an undirected weighted network. Our approach is based on tracing the path of closest‐friendship between nodes in the network using the recently ...
    • Evaluating the Relative Environmental Impact of Countries 

      Bradshaw, Corey J. A.; Giam, Xingli; Sodhi, Navjot Singh (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      Environmental protection is critical to maintain ecosystem services essential for human well-being. It is important to be able to rank countries by their environmental impact so that poor performers as well as policy ...
    • Evolutionary Entropy Determines Invasion Success in Emergent Epidemics 

      Rhodes, Christopher J.; Demetrius, Lloyd A. (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      Background: Standard epidemiological theory claims that in structured populations competition between multiple pathogen strains is a deterministic process which is mediated by the basic reproduction number (R0) of the ...
    • Expression and Putative Function of Innate Immunity Genes under In Situ Conditions in the Symbiotic Hydrothermal Vent Tubeworm Ridgeia piscesae 

      Nyholm, Spencer V.; Song, Pengfei; Dang, Jeanne; Bunce, Corey; Girguis, Peter R. (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      The relationships between hydrothermal vent tubeworms and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria have served as model associations for understanding chemoautotrophy and endosymbiosis. Numerous studies have focused on the physiological ...
    • Favorable Climate Change Response Explains Non-Native Species' Success in Thoreau's Woods 

      Willis, Charles G.; Ruhfel, Brad R; Primack, Richard B.; Miller-Rushing, Abraham J.; Losos, Jonathan; Davis, Charles (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      Invasive species have tremendous detrimental ecological and economic impacts. Climate change may exacerbate species invasions across communities if non-native species are better able to respond to climate changes than ...
    • Food-Web Models Predict Species Abundances in Response to Habitat Change 

      Gotelli, Nicholas J; Ellison, Aaron M. (Public Library of Science, 2006)
      Plant and animal population sizes inevitably change following habitat loss, but the mechanisms underlying these changes are poorly understood. We experimentally altered habitat volume and eliminated top trophic levels of ...
    • The Genetic Signature of Sex-Biased Migration in Patrilocal Chimpanzees and Humans 

      Langergraber, Kevin E.; Siedel, Heike; Mitani, John C.; Reynolds, Vernon; Hunt, Kevin; Vigilant, Linda; Wrangham, Richard W. (Public Library of Science, 2007)
      A large body of theoretical work suggests that analyses of variation at the maternally inherited mitochondrial (mt)DNA and the paternally inherited non-recombining portion of the Y chromosome (NRY) are a potentially powerful ...
    • Getting the Hologenome Concept Right: an Eco-Evolutionary Framework for Hosts and Their Microbiomes 

      Theis, Kevin R.; Dheilly, Nolwenn M.; Klassen, Jonathan L.; Brucker, Robert M.; Baines, John F.; Bosch, Thomas C. G.; Cryan, John F.; Gilbert, Scott F.; Goodnight, Charles J.; Lloyd, Elisabeth A.; Sapp, Jan; Vandenkoornhuyse, Philippe; Zilber-Rosenberg, Ilana; Rosenberg, Eugene; Bordenstein, Seth R. (American Society for Microbiology, 2016)
      ABSTRACT Given the complexity of host-microbiota symbioses, scientists and philosophers are asking questions at new biological levels of hierarchical organization—what is a holobiont and hologenome? When should this ...
    • Graveyards on the Move: The Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Dead Ophiocordyceps-Infected Ants 

      Pontoppidan, Maj-Britt; Himaman, Winanda; Hywel-Jones, Nigel L.; Boomsma, Jacobus J.; Hughes, David Peter (Public Library of Science, 2009)
      Parasites are likely to play an important role in structuring host populations. Many adaptively manipulate host behaviour, so that the extended phenotypes of these parasites and their distributions in space and time are ...
    • Invasive Plant Suppresses the Growth of Native Tree Seedlings by Disrupting Belowground Mutualisms 

      Stinson, Kristina A.; Campbell, Stuart A; Powell, Jeff R; Wolfe, Benjamin E.; Callaway, Ragan M; Thelen, Giles C; Hallett, Steven G; Prati, Daniel; Klironomos, John N (Public Library of Science, 2006)
      The impact of exotic species on native organisms is widely acknowledged, but poorly understood. Very few studies have empirically investigated how invading plants may alter delicate ecological interactions among resident ...
    • The Irreversible Loss of a Decomposition Pathway Marks the Single Origin of an Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis 

      Wolfe, Benjamin E.; Tulloss, Rodham E.; Pringle, Anne E. (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Microbial symbioses have evolved repeatedly across the tree of life, but the genetic changes underlying transitions to symbiosis are largely unknown, especially for eukaryotic microbial symbionts. We used the genus Amanita, ...
    • Life Historical Perspectives on Human Reproductive Aging 

      Ellison, Peter T. (New York Academy of Sciences, 2010)
      A commentary is offered on the chapters that comprise the section on Theoretical Foundations, emphasizing novel contributions of each. Three additional points are then made. First, while the biology of reproductive aging ...
    • The Loss of Species: Mangrove Extinction Risk and Geographic Areas of Global Concern 

      Polidoro, Beth A.; Carpenter, Kent E.; Collins, Lorna; Duke, Norman C.; Ellison, Joanna C.; Fernando, Edwino S.; Kathiresan, Kandasamy; Koedam, Nico E.; Livingstone, Suzanne R.; Miyagi, Toyohiko; Moore, Gregg E.; Nam, Vien Ngoc; Ong, Jin Eong; Primavera, Jurgenne H.; Salmo, Severino G., III; Sanciangco, Jonnell C.; Sukardjo, Sukristijono; Yong, Jean Wan Hong; Ellison, Aaron M.; Farnsworth, Elizabeth Jean; Wang, Yamin (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      Mangrove species are uniquely adapted to tropical and subtropical coasts, and although relatively low in number of species, mangrove forests provide at least US $1.6 billion each year in ecosystem services and support ...
    • Optimal Drug Synergy in Antimicrobial Treatments 

      Torella, Joseph; Chait, Remy Paul; Kishony, Roy (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      The rapid proliferation of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has spurred the use of drug combinations to maintain clinical efficacy and combat the evolution of resistance. Drug pairs can interact synergistically or antagonistically, ...
    • A Phylogenetic Perspective on Foraging Mode Evolution and Habitat Use in West Indian Anolis Lizards 

      Lara, Ada Chamizo; Johnson, Michele A.; Revell, Liam J.; Leal, Manuel; Rodríguez Schettino, Lourdes; Losos, Jonathan (Elsevier, 2008)
      Although many descriptive studies of foraging mode have been performed, the factors that underlie the evolution of foraging mode remain poorly understood. To test the hypothesis that foraging mode evolution is affected by ...
    • Population Structure as Revealed by mtDNA and Microsatellites in Northern Fur Seals, Callorhinus ursinus, throughout Their Range 

      Dickerson, Bobette R.; Ream, Rolf R.; Vignieri, Sacha; Bentzen, Paul (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      Background: The northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus; NFS) is a widely distributed pinniped that has been shown to exhibit a high degree of philopatry to islands, breeding areas on an island, and even to specific segments ...
    • Predation and the Phasing of Sleep: An Evolutionary Individual-based Model 

      Acerbi, Alberto; Nunn, Charles Lindsay (Elsevier Masson, 2011)
      All mammals thus far studied sleep, yet important questions remain concerning the ecological factors that influence sleep patterns. Here, we developed an evolutionary individual-based model to investigate the effect of ...
    • The Role of Demography and Markets in Determining Deforestation Rates Near Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar 

      Brooks, Christopher P.; Holmes, Christopher; Kramer, Karen L.; Barnett, Barry; Keitt, Timothy H. (Public Library of Science, 2009)
      The highland forests of Madagascar are home to some of the world's most unique and diverse flora and fauna and to some of its poorest people. This juxtaposition of poverty and biodiversity is continually reinforced by rapid ...
    • Similar Genetic Mechanisms Underlie the Parallel Evolution of Floral Phenotypes 

      Zhang, Wenheng; Kramer, Elena M.; Davis, Charles Cavender (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      The repeated origin of similar phenotypes is invaluable for studying the underlying genetics of adaptive traits; molecular evidence, however, is lacking for most examples of such similarity. The floral morphology of ...