Browsing FAS Scholarly Articles by Keyword "individual differences"

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    • Association of Behavioral Inhibition with Hair Pigmentation in a European Sample 

      Moehler, Eva; Kagan, Jerome; Brunner, Romuald; Wiebel, Angelika; Kaufmann, Claudia; Resch, Franz (Elsevier Science, 2006)
      Behavioral inhibition, a temperamental trait signalling a predisposition to childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders, is slightly more frequent in America among Caucasian children having blue irises. This paper examines ...

    • Face recognition: a model specific ability 

      Wilmer, Jeremy B.; Germine, Laura T.; Nakayama, Ken (Frontiers Media S.A., 2014)
      In our everyday lives, we view it as a matter of course that different people are good at different things. It can be surprising, in this context, to learn that most of what is known about cognitive ability variation across ...

    • Failure to Modulate Attentional Control in Advanced Aging Linked to White Matter Pathology 

      Hedden, Trey; Sperling, Reisa Anne; Johnson, Keith Alan; Buckner, Randy Lee; van Dijk, Koene R. A.; Shire, Emily H. (Oxford University Press, 2012)
      Advanced aging is associated with reduced attentional control and less flexible information processing. Here, the origins of these cognitive effects were explored using a functional magnetic resonance imaging task that ...

    • The Fourth Law of Behavior Genetics 

      Chabris, C. F.; Lee, J. J.; Cesarini, D.; Benjamin, D. J.; Laibson, David I. (SAGE Publications, 2015)
      Behavior genetics is the study of the relationship between genetic variation and psychological traits. Turkheimer (2000) proposed “Three Laws of Behavior Genetics” based on empirical regularities observed in studies of ...

    • Individual differences in ensemble perception reveal multiple, independent levels of ensemble representation. 

      Haberman, Jason; Brady, Timothy; Alvarez, George (American Psychological Association (APA), 2015-04)
      Ensemble perception, including the ability to "see the average" from a group of items, operates in numerous feature domains (size, orientation, speed, facial expression, etc.). Although the ubiquity of ensemble representations ...

    • Inter-rater reliability for movement pattern analysis (MPA): measuring patterning of behaviors versus discrete behavior counts as indicators of decision-making style 

      Connors, Brenda L.; Rende, Richard; Colton, Timothy J. (Frontiers Media S.A., 2014)
      The unique yield of collecting observational data on human movement has received increasing attention in a number of domains, including the study of decision-making style. As such, interest has grown in the nuances of core ...

    • Most Reported Genetic Associations with General Intelligence Are Probably False Positives 

      Laibson, David I.; Chabris, Christopher F.; Hebert, Benjamin Michael; Benjamin, Daniel J.; Beauchamp, Jonathan P.; Cesarini, David; van der Loos, Matthijs J. H. M.; Johannesson, Magnus; Magnusson, Patrik K. E.; Lichtenstein, Paul; Atwood, Craig S.; Freese, Jeremy; Hauser, Taissa S.; Hauser, Robert M.; Christakis, Nicholas Alexander (Sage, 2012)
      General intelligence (g) and virtually all other behavioral traits are heritable. Associations between g and specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in several candidate genes involved in brain function have been ...

    • Parcellating Cortical Functional Networks in Individuals 

      Wang, Danhong; Buckner, Randy L.; Fox, Michael D.; Holt, Daphne J.; Holmes, Avram J.; Stoecklein, Sophia; Langs, Georg; Pan, Ruiqi; Qian, Tianyi; Li, Kuncheng; Baker, Justin T.; Stufflebeam, Steven M.; Wang, Kai; Wang, Xiaomin; Hong, Bo; Liu, Hesheng (2015)
      The capacity to identify the unique functional architecture of an individual’s brain is a critical step towards personalized medicine and understanding the neural basis of variations in human cognition and behavior. Here, ...

    • A Phenotype of Early Infancy Predicts Reactivity of the Amygdala in Male Adults 

      Schwartz, C. E.; Kunwar, P. S.; Greve, Douglas N.; Kagan, Jerome; Snidman, Nancy Claire; Bloch, R. B. (Nature Publishing Group, 2011)
      One of the central questions that has occupied those disciplines concerned with human development is the nature of continuities and discontinuities from birth to maturity. The amygdala plays a central role in the processing ...

    • Replicability and Robustness of Genome-Wide-Association Studies for Behavioral Traits 

      Rietveld, Cornelius A.; Conley, Dalton; Eriksson, Nicholas; Esko, Tonu; Medland, Sarah E.; Vinkhuyzen, Anna A. E.; Yang, Jian; Boardman, Jason D.; Chabris, Christopher F.; Dawes, Christopher T.; Domingue, Benjamin W.; Hinds, David A.; Johannesson, Magnus; Kiefer, Amy K.; Laibson, David I.; Magnusson, Patrik K. E.; Mountain, Joanna L.; Oskarsson, Sven; Rostapshova, Olga; Teumer, Alexander; Tung, Joyce Y.; Visscher, Peter M.; Benjamin, Daniel J.; Cesarini, David; Koellinger, Philipp D. (Association for Psychological Science, 2014)
      A recent genome-wide-association study of educational attainment identified three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) whose associations, despite their small effect sizes (each \(R^2 \approx 0.02\%)\), reached genome-wide ...