Browsing FAS Scholarly Articles by Keyword "molecular biology"
Now showing items 1-18 of 18
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All β Cells Contribute Equally to Islet Growth and Maintenance
(Public Library of Science, 2007)In healthy adult mice, the β cell population is not maintained by stem cells but instead by the replication of differentiated β cells. It is not known, however, whether all cells contribute equally to growth and maintenance, ... -
The Behaviour of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Bisulfite Sequencing
(Public Library of Science, 2010)Background: We recently showed that enzymes of the TET family convert 5-mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in DNA. 5-hmC is present at high levels in embryonic stem cells and Purkinje neurons. The methylation status of ... -
Csm4, in Collaboration with Ndj1, Mediates Telomere-Led Chromosome Dynamics and Recombination during Yeast Meiosis
(Public Library of Science, 2008)Chromosome movements are a general feature of mid-prophase of meiosis. In budding yeast, meiotic chromosomes exhibit dynamic movements, led by nuclear envelope (NE)-associated telomeres, throughout the zygotene and pachytene ... -
Empirical Bayes Analysis of Quantitative Proteomics Experiments
(Public Library of Science, 2009)Background: Advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics have enabled the incorporation of proteomic data into systems approaches to biology. However, development of analytical methods has lagged behind. Here we describe ... -
An Equilibrium-Dependent Retroviral mRNA Switch Regulates Translational Recoding
(Nature Publishing Group, 2011)Most retroviruses require translational recoding of a viral messenger RNA stop codon to maintain a precise ratio of structural (Gag) and enzymatic (Pol) proteins during virus assembly. Pol is expressed exclusively as a ... -
Genomewide Analysis of PRC1 and PRC2 Occupancy Identifies Two Classes of Bivalent Domains
(Public Library of Science, 2008)In embryonic stem (ES) cells, bivalent chromatin domains with overlapping repressive (H3 lysine 27 tri-methylation) and activating (H3 lysine 4 tri-methylation) histone modifications mark the promoters of more than 2,000 ... -
Genomic Sequence is Highly Predictive of Local Nucleosome Depletion
(Public Library of Science, 2008)The regulation of DNA accessibility through nucleosome positioning is important for transcription control. Computational models have been developed to predict genome-wide nucleosome positions from DNA sequences, but these ... -
How Personalized Medicine Became Genetic, and Racial: Werner Kalow and the Formations of Pharmacogenetics
(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2013)Physicians have long puzzled over a well-known phenomenon: different patients respond differently to the same treatment. Although many explanations exist, pharmacogenetics has now captured the medical imagination. While ... -
Mapping Copy Number Variation by Population Scale Genome Sequencing
(Nature Publishing Group, 2011)Genomic structural variants (SVs) are abundant in humans, differing from other forms of variation in extent, origin and functional impact. Despite progress in SV characterization, the nucleotide resolution architecture of ... -
Molecular Organization of Vomeronasal Chemoreception
(Nature Publishing Group, 2011)The vomeronasal organ (VNO) has a key role in mediating the social and defensive responses of many terrestrial vertebrates to species- and sex-specific chemosignals. More than 250 putative pheromone receptors have been ... -
Permanent Alteration of PCSK9 With In Vivo CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing
(Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2014)Rationale: Individuals with naturally occurring loss-of-function proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) mutations experience reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and protection against ... -
Phylogenomics of Unusual Histone H2A Variants in Bdelloid Rotifers
(Public Library of Science, 2009)Rotifers of Class Bdelloidea are remarkable in having evolved for millions of years, apparently without males and meiosis. In addition, they are unusually resistant to desiccation and ionizing radiation and are able to ... -
Positive and Negative Design in Stability and Thermal Adaptation of Natural Proteins
(Public Library of Science, 2007)The aim of this work is to elucidate how physical principles of protein design are reflected in natural sequences that evolved in response to the thermal conditions of the environment. Using an exactly solvable lattice ... -
Protein and DNA Sequence Determinants of Thermophilic Adaptation
(Public Library of Science, 2007)There have been considerable attempts in the past to relate phenotypic trait—habitat temperature of organisms—to their genotypes, most importantly compositions of their genomes and proteomes. However, despite accumulation ... -
A Sex-Ratio Meiotic Drive System in Drosophila Simulans. I: An Autosomal Suppressor
(Public Library of Science, 2007)Sex ratio distortion (sex-ratio for short) has been reported in numerous species such as Drosophila, where distortion can readily be detected in experimental crosses, but the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here we ... -
A sex-ratio Meiotic Drive System in Drosophila simulans. II: An X-linked Distorter
(Public Library of Science, 2007)The evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes creates a genetic condition favoring the invasion of sex-ratio meiotic drive elements, resulting in the biased transmission of one sex chromosome over the other, in violation ... -
Single-Nucleosome Mapping of Histone Modifications in S. cerevisiae
(Public Library of Science, 2005)Covalent modification of histone proteins plays a role in virtually every process on eukaryotic DNA, from transcription to DNA repair. Many different residues can be covalently modified, and it has been suggested that these ... -
Structure of a Pheromone Receptor-Associated MHC Molecule with an Open and Empty Groove
(Public Library of Science, 2005)Neurons in the murine vomeronasal organ (VNO) express a family of class Ib major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins (M10s) that interact with the V2R class of VNO receptors. This interaction may play a direct role ...