Browsing Harvard Medical School by Title

Now showing items 3108-3127 of 18428

    • Comparative effectiveness of post-discharge interventions for hospitalized smokers: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial 

      Japuntich, Sandra J; Regan, Susan; Viana, Joseph; Tymoszczuk, Justyna; Reyen, Michele; Levy, Douglas Edward; Singer, Daniel Edwin; Park, Elyse Richelle; Chang, Yuchiao; Rigotti, Nancy Ann (BioMed Central, 2012)
      Background: A hospital admission offers smokers an opportunity to quit. Smoking cessation counseling provided in the hospital is effective, but only if it continues for more than one month after discharge. Providing smoking ...

    • Comparative effectiveness of post-discharge strategies for hospitalized smokers: study protocol for the Helping HAND 2 randomized controlled trial 

      Reid, Zachary Z; Regan, Susan; Kelley, Jennifer HK; Streck, Joanna M; Ylioja, Thomas; Tindle, Hilary A; Chang, Yuchiao; Levy, Douglas E; Park, Elyse R; Singer, Daniel E; Carpenter, Kelly M; Reyen, Michele; Rigotti, Nancy A (BioMed Central, 2015)
      Background: Smoking cessation interventions for hospitalized smokers are effective in promoting smoking cessation, but only if the tobacco dependence treatment continues after the patient leaves the hospital. Sustaining ...

    • Comparative Effectiveness Research Using Observational Data: Active Comparators to Emulate Target Trials with Inactive Comparators 

      Huitfeldt, Anders; Hernan, Miguel A.; Kalager, Mette; Robins, James M. (AcademyHealth, 2016)
      Introduction: Because a comparison of noninitiators and initiators of treatment may be hopelessly confounded, guidelines for the conduct of observational research often recommend using an “active” comparator group consisting ...

    • Comparative Effectiveness Research: An Empirical Study of Trials Registered in ClinicalTrials.gov 

      Bourgeois, Florence Tanya; Murthy, Srinivas; Mandl, Kenneth David (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Background: The $1.1 billion investment in comparative effectiveness research will reshape the evidence-base supporting decisions about treatment effectiveness, safety, and cost. Defining the current prevalence and ...

    • Comparative efficacy and acceptability of psychotherapies for acute anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: study protocol for a network meta-analysis 

      Zhang, Yuqing; Zhou, Xinyu; James, Anthony C; Qin, Bin; Whittington, Craig J; Cuijpers, Pim; Del Giovane, Cinzia; Liu, Yiyun; Cohen, David; Weisz, John R; Xie, Peng (BMJ Publishing Group, 2015)
      Introduction: Anxiety disorders are associated with significant public health burden in young individuals. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is the most commonly used psychotherapy for anxiety disorders in children and ...

    • A Comparative Encyclopedia of DNA Elements in the Mouse Genome 

      Yue, Feng; Cheng, Yong; Breschi, Alessandra; Vierstra, Jeff; Wu, Weisheng; Ryba, Tyrone; Sandstrom, Richard; Ma, Zhihai; Davis, Carrie; Pope, Benjamin D.; Shen, Yin; Pervouchine, Dmitri D.; Djebali, Sarah; Thurman, Bob; Kaul, Rajinder; Rynes, Eric; Kirilusha, Anthony; Marinov, Georgi K.; Williams, Brian A.; Trout, Diane; Amrhein, Henry; Fisher-Aylor, Katherine; Antoshechkin, Igor; DeSalvo, Gilberto; See, Lei-Hoon; Fastuca, Meagan; Drenkow, Jorg; Zaleski, Chris; Dobin, Alex; Prieto, Pablo; Lagarde, Julien; Bussotti, Giovanni; Tanzer, Andrea; Denas, Olgert; Li, Kanwei; Bender, M. A.; Zhang, Miaohua; Byron, Rachel; Groudine, Mark T.; McCleary, David; Pham, Long; Ye, Zhen; Kuan, Samantha; Edsall, Lee; Wu, Yi-Chieh; Rasmussen, Matthew D.; Bansal, Mukul S.; Keller, Cheryl A.; Morrissey, Christapher S.; Mishra, Tejaswini; Jain, Deepti; Dogan, Nergiz; Harris, Robert S.; Cayting, Philip; Kawli, Trupti; Boyle, Alan P.; Euskirchen, Ghia; Kundaje, Anshul; Lin, Shin; Lin, Yiing; Jansen, Camden; Malladi, Venkat S.; Cline, Melissa S.; Erickson, Drew T.; Kirkup, Vanessa M; Learned, Katrina; Sloan, Cricket A.; Rosenbloom, Kate R.; de Sousa, Beatriz Lacerda; Beal, Kathryn; Pignatelli, Miguel; Flicek, Paul; Lian, Jin; Kahveci, Tamer; Lee, Dongwon; Kent, W. James; Santos, Miguel Ramalho; Herrero, Javier; Notredame, Cedric; Johnson, Audra; Vong, Shinny; Lee, Kristen; Bates, Daniel; Neri, Fidencio; Diegel, Morgan; Canfield, Theresa; Sabo, Peter J.; Wilken, Matthew S.; Reh, Thomas A.; Giste, Erika; Shafer, Anthony; Kutyavin, Tanya; Haugen, Eric; Dunn, Douglas; Reynolds, Alex P.; Neph, Shane; Humbert, Richard; Hansen, R. Scott; De Bruijn, Marella; Selleri, Licia; Rudensky, Alexander; Josefowicz, Steven; Samstein, Robert; Eichler, Evan E.; Orkin, Stuart H.; Levasseur, Dana; Papayannopoulou, Thalia; Chang, Kai-Hsin; Skoultchi, Arthur; Gosh, Srikanta; Disteche, Christine; Treuting, Piper; Wang, Yanli; Weiss, Mitchell J.; Blobel, Gerd A.; Good, Peter J.; Lowdon, Rebecca F.; Adams, Leslie B.; Zhou, Xiao-Qiao; Pazin, Michael J.; Feingold, Elise A.; Wold, Barbara; Taylor, James; Kellis, Manolis; Mortazavi, Ali; Weissman, Sherman M.; Stamatoyannopoulos, John; Snyder, Michael P.; Guigo, Roderic; Gingeras, Thomas R.; Gilbert, David M.; Hardison, Ross C.; Beer, Michael A.; Ren, Bing (2014)
      Summary As the premier model organism in biomedical research, the laboratory mouse shares the majority of protein-coding genes with humans, yet the two mammals differ in significant ways. To gain greater insights into both ...

    • Comparative evaluation of sump drainage by trocar puncture, percutaneous catheter drainage versus operative drainage in the treatment of Intra-abdominal abscesses: a retrospective controlled study 

      Gu, Guosheng; Ren, Jianan; Liu, Song; Li, Guanwei; Yuan, Yujie; Chen, Jun; Han, Gang; Ren, Huajian; Hong, Zhiwu; Yan, Dongsheng; Wu, Xiuwen; Li, Ning; Li, Jieshou (BioMed Central, 2015)
      Background: Intra-abdominal and pelvic abscesses are common and result from various illnesses. Percutaneous drainage applies limitedly to well-localized abscesses with appropriate density while surgical drainage usually ...

    • Comparative Gene Expression Profiling of Benign and Malignant Lesions Reveals Candidate Therapeutic Compounds for Leiomyosarcoma 

      Edris, Badreddin; Fletcher, Jonathan A.; West, Robert B.; van de Rijn, Matt; Beck, Andrew H. (Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2012)
      Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a malignant, soft-tissue tumor for which few effective therapies exist. Previously, we showed that there are three molecular subtypes of LMS. Here, we analyzed genes differentially expressed in each ...

    • Comparative Genetic Architectures of Schizophrenia in East Asian and European Populations 

      Lam, Max; Chen, Chia-Yen; Li, Zhiqiang; Ma, Xixian; Gaspar, Helena; Ikeda, Masashi; Benyamin, Beben; Brown, Brielin C.; Liu, Ruize; Zhou, Wei; Guan, Lili; Kamatani, Yoichiro; Kim, Sung-Wan; Kubo, Michiaki; Kusumawardhani, Agung; Liu, Chih-Min; Ma, Hong; Periyasamy, Sathish; Takahashi, Atsushi; Wang, Qiang; Xu, Zhida; Yu, Hao; Zhu, Feng; Chen, Wei J.; Faraone, Stephen; Glatt, Stephen J.; He, Lin; Hyman, Steven E.; Hwu, Hai-Gwo; Li, Tao; McCarroll, Steven; Neale, Benjamin M.; Sklar, Pamela; Wildenauer, Dieter; Yu, Xin; Zhang, Dai; Mowry, Bryan; Lee, Jimmy; Holmans, Peter; Xu, Shuhua; Sullivan, Patrick F.; Ripke, Stephan; O’Donovan, Michael; Daly, Mark J.; Qin, Shengying; Sham, Pak; Iwata, Nakao; Hong, Kyung S.; Schwab, Sibylle G.; Yue, Weihua; Tsuang, Ming; Liu, Jianjun; Ma, Xiancang; Kahn, René S.; Shi, Yongyong; Huang, Hailiang; Martin, Alicia; Bryois, Julien (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2018-10-17)
      Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with a lifetime risk of about 1% world-wide. Most large schizophrenia genetic studies have studied people of primarily European ancestry, potentially missing important biological ...

    • Comparative Genome Analyses Reveal Distinct Structure in the Saltwater Crocodile MHC 

      Jaratlerdsiri, Weerachai; Deakin, Janine; Godinez, Ricardo M.; Shan, Xueyan; Peterson, Daniel G.; Marthey, Sylvain; Lyons, Eric; McCarthy, Fiona M.; Isberg, Sally R.; Higgins, Damien P.; Chong, Amanda Y.; John, John St; Glenn, Travis C.; Ray, David A.; Gongora, Jaime (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a dynamic genome region with an essential role in the adaptive immunity of vertebrates, especially antigen presentation. The MHC is generally divided into subregions (classes ...

    • Comparative Genomic Characterization of Francisella tularensis Strains Belonging to Low and High Virulence Subspecies 

      Champion, Mia D.; Zeng, Qiandong; Nix, Eli B.; Nano, Francis E.; Keim, Paul; Kodira, Chinnappa D.; Koehrsen, Michael; Pearson, Matthew; Howarth, Clint; Larson, Lisa; White, Jared; Alvarado, Lucia; Forsman, Mats; Bearden, Scott W.; Sjöstedt, Anders; Titball, Richard; Michell, Stephen L.; Birren, Bruce; Borowsky, Mark L; Young, Sarah U.; Engels, Reinhard; Galagan, James E (Public Library of Science, 2009)
      Tularemia is a geographically widespread, severely debilitating, and occasionally lethal disease in humans. It is caused by infection by a gram-negative bacterium, Francisella tularensis. In order to better understand its ...

    • Comparative Genomics of Enterococci: Variation in Enterococcus faecalis, Clade Structure in E. faecium, and Defining Characteristics of E. gallinarum and E. casseliflavus 

      Palmer, K. L.; Godfrey, P.; Griggs, A.; Kos, V. N.; Zucker, J.; Desjardins, C.; Cerqueira, G.; Gevers, D.; Walker, S.; Wortman, J.; Feldgarden, M.; Haas, B.; Birren, B.; Gilmore, Michael S. (American Society for Microbiology, 2012)
      The enterococci are Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria that inhabit the gastrointestinal tracts of diverse hosts. However, Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis have emerged as leading causes of multidrug-resistant ...

    • Comparative Genomics of Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains and Their Positions within the Clade Most Commonly Associated with Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus Hospital-Acquired Infection in the United States 

      Desjardins, Christopher A.; Griggs, Allison; Cerqueira, Gustavo; Van Tonder, Andries; Holden, Matthew T. G.; Godfrey, Paul; Palmer, Kelli L.; Bodi, Kip; Mongodin, Emmanuel F.; Wortman, Jennifer; Feldgarden, Michael; Lawley, Trevor; Gill, Steven R.; Haas, Brian J.; Birren, Bruce; Kos, Veronica N.; Gilmore, Michael S. (American Society of Microbiology, 2012)
      Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are leading causes of hospital-acquired infections in the United States, and clonal cluster 5 (CC5) is the predominant lineage responsible for these infections. ...

    • Comparative ICE Genomics: Insights into the Evolution of the SXT/R391 Family of ICEs 

      Wozniak, Rachel A. F.; Fouts, Derrick E.; Spagnoletti, Matteo; Colombo, Mauro M.; Ceccarelli, Daniela; Garriss, Geneviève; Déry, Christine; Burrus, Vincent; Waldor, Matthew K. (Public Library of Science, 2009)
      Integrating and conjugative elements (ICEs) are one of the three principal types of self-transmissible mobile genetic elements in bacteria. ICEs, like plasmids, transfer via conjugation; but unlike plasmids and similar to ...

    • Comparative linkage analysis and visualization of high-density oligonucleotide SNP array data 

      Leykin, Igor; Hao, Ke; Cheng, Junsheng; Meyer, Nicole; Pollak, Martin Russell; Smith, Richard JH; Wong, Wing Hung; Rosenow, Carsten; Li, Cheng (BioMed Central, 2005)
      Background: The identification of disease-associated genes using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has been increasingly reported. In particular, the Affymetrix Mapping 10 K SNP microarray platform uses one PCR primer ...

    • Comparative Modelling by Restraint-Based Conformational Sampling 

      Furnham, Nicholas; de Bakker, Paul I Wen; Gore, Swanand; Burke, David F; Blundell, Tom L (BioMed Central, 2008)
      Background: Although comparative modelling is routinely used to produce three-dimensional models of proteins, very few automated approaches are formulated in a way that allows inclusion of restraints derived from experimental ...

    • Comparative Performance of Private and Public Healthcare Systems in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review 

      Basu, Sanjay; Andrews, Jason Randolph; Kishore, Sandeep; Panjabi, Rajesh Ramesh; Stuckler, David (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Introduction: Private sector healthcare delivery in low- and middle-income countries is sometimes argued to be more efficient, accountable, and sustainable than public sector delivery. Conversely, the public sector is often ...

    • Comparative Power Spectral Analysis of Simultaneous Elecroencephalographic and Magnetoencephalographic Recordings in Humans Suggests Non-Resistive Extracellular Media 

      Dehghani, Nima; Bédard, Claude; Cash, Sydney S.; Halgren, Eric; Destexhe, Alain (Springer Verlag, 2010)
      The resistive or non-resistive nature of the extracellular space in the brain is still debated, and is an important issue for correctly modeling extracellular potentials. Here, we first show theoretically that if the medium ...

    • A comparative profile analysis of neuropsychological function in men and women with schizotypal personality disorder 

      Voglmaier, Martina M.; Seidman, Larry Joel; Niznikiewicz, Margaret A.; Dickey, Chandlee C.; Shenton, Martha Elizabeth; McCarley, Robert William (Elsevier BV, 2005)
      The purpose of this study was to compare the cognitive profiles of men and women with clinically defined schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). We examined the neuropsychological profile of SPD in 26 right-handed females ...

    • Comparative Proteomic Analysis of the PhoP Regulon in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Versus Typhimurium 

      Lebrun, Lauren M.; Sheikh, Alaullah; Logvinenko, Tanya; Tarique, Abdullah; Krastins, Bryan; Qadri, Firdausi; Charles, Richelle Candice; Harris, Jason B.; Chase, Michael Richard; Larocque, Regina Celes; Rollins, Sean McKenzie; Hohmann, Elizabeth Louise; Rosenberg, Ian Morley; Sarracino, David A.; Calderwood, Stephen Beaven; Ryan, Edward Thomas (Public Library of Science, 2009)
      Background: S. Typhi, a human-restricted Salmonella enterica serovar, causes a systemic intracellular infection in humans (typhoid fever). In comparison, S. Typhimurium causes gastroenteritis in humans, but causes a systemic ...