Browsing Harvard Medical School by Title
Now showing items 3874-3893 of 18424
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Cyclooxygenase-2 Overexpression is Common in Serrated and Non-Serrated Colorectal Adenoma, but Uncommon in Hyperplastic Polyp and Sessile Serrated Polyp/Adenoma
(BioMed Central, 2008)Background: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2, PTGS2) plays an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis. COX-2 overexpression in colorectal cancer is inversely associated with microsatellite instability (MSI) and the CpG island ... -
The Cyclophilin A-CD147 complex promotes bone marrow colonization of B-cell malignancies: implications for therapy
(2015)B-cell malignancies frequently colonizes the bone marrow (BM). The mechanisms responsible for this preferential homing are not entirely known. Using multiple myeloma (MM) as a model of a terminally differentiated B-cell ... -
Cyclophosphamide Increases Transgene Expression Mediated by an Oncolytic Adenovirus in Glioma-Bearing Mice Monitored by Bioluminescence Imaging
(Elsevier (Cell Press), 2006)Approaches to improve the oncolytic potency of replication-competent adenoviruses include the insertion of therapeutic transgenes into the viral genome. Little is known about the levels and duration of in vivo transgene ... -
CYP24A1 variant modifies the association between use of oestrogen plus progestogen therapy and colorectal cancer risk
(Nature Publishing Group, 2016)Background: Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use has been consistently associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in women. Our aim was to use a genome-wide gene–environment interaction analysis to identify ... -
Cystathionine β-Synthase Inhibition Is a Potential Therapeutic Approach to Treatment of Ischemic Injury
(SAGE Publications, 2015)Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been reported to exacerbate stroke outcome in experimental models. Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) has been implicated as the predominant H2S-producing enzyme in central nervous system. When SH-SY5Y ... -
Cystatin C deficiency in human atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysms
(American Society for Clinical Investigation, 1999)The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm involves breakdown of the elastic laminae. Elastolytic cysteine proteases, including cathepsins S and K, are overexpressed at sites of arterial elastin ... -
Cystatin C Deficiency Promotes Epidermal Dysplasia in K14-HPV16 Transgenic Mice
(Public Library of Science, 2010)Background: Cysteine protease cathepsins are important in extracellular matrix protein degradation, cell apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Mice lacking cathepsins are protected from tumor progression in several animal models, ... -
Cystatin C is Downregulated in Prostate Cancer and Modulates Invasion of Prostate Cancer Cells via MAPK/Erk and Androgen Receptor Pathways
(Public Library of Science, 2009)Cystatin C is believed to prevent tumor progression by inhibiting the activities of a family of lysosomal cysteine proteases. However, little is known about the precise mechanism of cystatin C function in prostate cancer. ... -
Cystatin C-Based Renal Function Changes After Antiretroviral Initiation: A Substudy of a Randomized Trial
(Oxford University Press, 2014)Background. The effects of antiretrovirals on cystatin C-based renal function estimates are unknown. Methods. We analyzed changes in renal function using creatinine and cystatin C-based estimating equations in 269 patients ... -
Cysteinyl Leukotriene Antagonism Inhibits Bronchoconstriction in Respose to Hypertonic Saline Inhalation in Asthma
Background: In asthma, cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) play varying roles in the bronchomotor response to multiple provocative stimuli. The contribution of CysLTs on the airway's response to hypertonic saline (HS) inhalation ... -
Cysteinyl Leukotrienes and Their Receptors; Emerging Concepts
(The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology; The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease, 2014)Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs) are potent mediators of inflammation derived from arachidonic acid through the 5-lipoxygenase/leukotriene C4 synthase pathway. The derivation of their chemical structures and identification ... -
Cystic Fibrosis Related Bone Disease
(2015-05-20)Over the past several decades, life expectancy for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) has increased significantly. As patients live longer, other nonpulmonary co-morbidities related to CF have become increasingly prevalent, ... -
Cystic Papillary Pattern in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
(Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2012)INTRODUCTION: The prototypic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma shows small-caliber glands that are placed within an exuberant desmoplastic stromal reaction. A number of histologic patterns have been described, and the ... -
Cytoadherence in paediatric malaria: ABO blood group, CD36, and ICAM1 expression and severe Plasmodium falciparum infection
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2012)As a leading cause of childhood mortality worldwide, selection pressure by Plasmodium falciparum continues to shape the human genome. Severe disturbances within the microcirculation result from the adhesion of infected ... -
Cytochrome P450 2C8 ω3-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites increase mouse retinal pathologic neovascularization--brief report.
(Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2014)OBJECTIVE: Regulation of angiogenesis is critical for many diseases. Specifically, pathological retinal neovascularization, a major cause of blindness, is suppressed with dietary ω3-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids ... -
Cytochrome P450-Derived Eicosanoids: The Neglected Pathway in Cancer
(Springer US, 2010)Endogenously produced lipid autacoids are locally acting small molecule mediators that play a central role in the regulation of inflammation and tissue homeostasis. A well-studied group of autacoids are the products of ... -
Cytokine and Antioxidant Regulation in the Intestine of the Gray Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus) During Torpor
(Elsevier, 2015)During food shortages, the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) of Madagascar experiences daily torpor thereby reducing energy expenditures. The present study aimed to understand the impacts of torpor on the immune system ... -
Cytokine-induced killer cells efficiently kill stem-like cancer cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma via the NKG2D-ligands recognition
(Impact Journals LLC, 2015)Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be the root cause for cancer treatment failure. Thus, there remains an urgent need for more potent and safer therapies against CSCs for curing cancer. In this study, the antitumor ... -
Cytokines and Growth Factors Positively and Negatively Regulate Interstitial Collagen Gene Expression in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
(American Heart Association, 1991)Human atheromas accumulate extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen types I and III. We tested whether cytokines or growth factors produced by cells found in human atherosclerotic plaques alter collagen gene expression ... -
Cytokines in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2010)