Now showing items 4510-4529 of 18424

    • Dimension reduction and shrinkage methods for high dimensional disease risk scores in historical data 

      Kumamaru, Hiraku; Schneeweiss, Sebastian; Glynn, Robert J.; Setoguchi, Soko; Gagne, Joshua J. (BioMed Central, 2016)
      Background: Multivariable confounder adjustment in comparative studies of newly marketed drugs can be limited by small numbers of exposed patients and even fewer outcomes. Disease risk scores (DRSs) developed in historical ...
    • Dimeric CRISPR RNA-guided FokI nucleases for highly specific genome editing 

      Tsai, Shengdar Q.; Wyvekens, Nicolas; Khayter, Cyd; Foden, Jennifer A.; Thapar, Vishal; Reyon, Deepak; Goodwin, Mathew J.; Aryee, Martin J.; Joung, J. Keith (2014)
      Monomeric CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases are widely used for targeted genome editing but can induce unwanted off-target mutations with high frequencies. Here we describe dimeric RNA-guided FokI Nucleases (RFNs) that recognize ...
    • Dimethylglycine Deficiency and the Development of Diabetes 

      Magnusson, Martin; Wang, Thomas J.; Clish, Clary; Engström, Gunnar; Nilsson, Peter; Gerszten, Robert E.; Melander, Olle (American Diabetes Association, 2015)
      Experimental studies have suggested possible protective effects of dimethylglycine (DMG) on glucose metabolism. DMG is degraded to glycine through a DMG-dehydrogenase (DMGDH)-catalyzed reaction, and this is the only known ...
    • Diminished curiosity in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease as measured by exploratory eye movements 

      Daffner, Kirk R.; Scinto, L.F.M.; Weintraub, S.; Guinessey, J. E.; Mesulam, M. M. (Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 1992)
      Clinical accounts of Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggest that some patients exhibit markedly diminished curiosity and initiative early in the course of their illness. Such behavioral changes are extremely difficult to measure ...
    • Diminished Lipoxin Biosynthesis in Severe Asthma 

      Levy, BD; Bonnans, C; Silverman, ES; Palmer, LJ; Marigowda, G; Israel, Elliot
      Rationale and Objectives: Severe asthma is characterized by increased airway inflammation that persists despite therapy with corticosteroids. It is not, however, merely an exaggeration of the eosinophilic inflammation that ...
    • Diminishing Availability of Publicly Funded Slots for Antiretroviral Initiation Among HIV-Infected ART-Eligible Patients in Uganda 

      Geng, Elvin H.; Bwana, Mwebesa B.; Kabakyenga, Jerome; Muyindike, Winnie; Emenyonu, Nneka I.; Musinguzi, Nicholas; Mugyenyi, Peter; Myer, Landon; Martin, Jeffrey N.; Bangsberg, David Roy (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      Background: The impact of flat-line funding in the global scale up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-infected patients in Africa has not yet been well described. Methods: We evaluated ART-eligible patients and patients ...
    • Dimpled elastic sheets: a new class of non-porous negative Poisson’s ratio materials 

      Javid, Farhad; Smith-Roberge, Evelyne; Innes, Matthew C.; Shanian, Ali; Weaver, James C.; Bertoldi, Katia (Nature Publishing Group, 2015)
      In this study, we report a novel periodic material with negative Poisson’s ratio (also called auxetic materials) fabricated by denting spherical dimples in an elastic flat sheet. While previously reported auxetic materials ...
    • Dinosaur Peptides Suggest Mechanisms of Protein Survival 

      San Antonio, James D.; Schweitzer, Mary H.; Jensen, Shane T.; Buckley, Michael; Orgel, Joseph P. R. O.; van Veen, Hendrik W.; Kalluri, Raghu (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      Eleven collagen peptide sequences recovered from chemical extracts of dinosaur bones were mapped onto molecular models of the vertebrate collagen fibril derived from extant taxa. The dinosaur peptides localized to fibril ...
    • Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Activity and/or Structure Homologs: Contributing Factors in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis? 

      Sedo, Aleksi; Duke-Cohan, Jonathan S.; Balaziova, Eva; Sedova, Liliana R (BioMed Central, 2005)
      Several of the proinflammatory peptides involved in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis, including peptides induced downstream of tumor necrosis factor-α as well as the monocyte/T cell-attracting chemokines RANTES and stromal ...
    • Direct Activation of ATM by Resveratrol under Oxidizing Conditions 

      Lee, Ji-Hoon; Guo, Zhi; Myler, Logan R.; Zheng, Suting; Paull, Tanya T. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Resveratrol has been widely reported to reduce cancer progression in model systems and to selectively induce cell death in transformed cell lines. Many enzymes have been reported to respond to resveratrol in mammalian ...
    • Direct Autocrine Action of Insulin on β-Cells: Does It Make Physiological Sense? 

      Rhodes, Christopher J.; White, Morris F.; Leahy, John L.; Kahn, Steven E. (American Diabetes Association, 2013)
      In recent years there has been a growing interest in the possibility of a direct autocrine effect of insulin on the pancreatic β-cell. Indeed, there have been numerous intriguing articles and several eloquent reviews written ...
    • A direct characterization of human mutation based on microsatellites 

      Sun, James Xin; Helgason, Agnar; Masson, Gisli; Ebenesersdóttir, Sigríđur Sunna; Li, Heng; Mallick, Swapan; Gnerre, Sante; Patterson, Nick; Kong, Augustine; Reich, David Emil; Stefansson, Kari (2012)
      Mutations are the raw material of evolution, but have been difficult to study directly. We report the largest study of new mutations to date: 2,058 germline changes discovered by analyzing 85,289 Icelanders at 2,477 ...
    • Direct Comparison of Adjacent Endocardial and Epicardial Electrograms: Implications for Substrate Mapping 

      Tokuda, Michifumi; Tedrow, Usha B.; Inada, Keiichi; Reichlin, Tobias; Michaud, Gregory F.; John, Roy M.; Epstein, Laurence M.; Stevenson, William G. (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2013)
      Background: Analysis of unipolar voltage maps has been used to detect epicardial scar, but data to define optimal parameters to identify scar remote from the recording site is limited. This study compares the characteristics ...
    • Direct detection of alpha synuclein oligomers in vivo 

      Dimant, Hemi; Kalia, Suneil K; Kalia, Lorraine V; Zhu, Liya N; Kibuuka, Laura; Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Darius; McFarland, Nikolaus R; Fan, Zhanyun; Hyman, Bradley T; McLean, Pamela J (BioMed Central, 2013)
      Background: Rat models of Parkinson’s disease are widely used to elucidate the mechanisms underlying disease etiology or to investigate therapeutic approaches. Models were developed using toxins such as MPTP or 6-OHDA to ...
    • Direct Evidence that Bevacizumab, an Anti-VEGF Antibody, Up-regulates SDF1 , CXCR4, CXCL6, and Neuropilin 1 in Tumors from Patients with Rectal Cancer 

      Xu, Lauren; Duda, Dan Gabriel; di Tomaso, E.; Ancukiewicz, M.; Chung, Daniel Chulyong; Lauwers, Gregory Y.; Samuel, R.; Shellito, Paul Clarke; Czito, B. G.; Lin, P.-C.; Poleski, M.; Bentley, R.; Clark, J. W.; Willett, C. G.; Jain, Rakesh K. (American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), 2009)
      Clinical studies converge on the observation that circulating cytokines are elevated in most cancer patients by anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. However, the source of these molecules and their ...
    • A direct GABAergic output from the basal ganglia to frontal cortex 

      Saunders, Arpiar; Oldenburg, Ian A.; Berezovskii, Vladimir K.; Johnson, Caroline A.; Kingery, Nathan D.; Elliott, Hunter L.; Xie, Tiao; Gerfen, Charles R.; Sabatini, Bernardo L. (2014)
      The basal ganglia (BG) are phylogenetically conserved subcortical nuclei necessary for coordinated motor action and reward learning1. Current models postulate that the BG modulate cerebral cortex indirectly via an inhibitory ...
    • Direct Identification of an HPV-16 Tumor Antigen from Cervical Cancer Biopsy Specimens 

      Keskin, Derin Benerci; Reinhold, Bruce B.; Lee, Sun Young; Zhang, Guanglan; Lank, Simon; O’Connor, David H.; Berkowitz, Ross Stuart; Brusic, Vladimir; Kim, Seung Jo; Reinherz, Ellis Leonard (Frontiers Research Foundation, 2011)
      Persistent infection with high-risk human papilloma viruses (HPV) is the worldwide cause of many cancers, including cervical, anal, vulval, vaginal, penile, and oropharyngeal. Since T cells naturally eliminate the majority ...
    • Direct Imaging of Cerebral Thromboemboli Using Computed Tomography and Fibrin-targeted Gold Nanoparticles 

      Kim, Jeong-Yeon; Ryu, Ju Hee; Schellingerhout, Dawid; Sun, In-Cheol; Lee, Su-Kyoung; Jeon, Sangmin; Kim, Jiwon; Kwon, Ick Chan; Nahrendorf, Matthias; Ahn, Cheol-Hee; Kim, Kwangmeyung; Kim, Dong-Eog (Ivyspring International Publisher, 2015)
      Computed tomography (CT) is the current standard for time-critical decision-making in stroke patients, informing decisions on thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), which has a narrow therapeutic ...
    • Direct Inhibition of Oncogenic KRAS by Hydrocarbon-Stapled SOS1 Helices 

      Leshchiner, Elizaveta S.; Parkhitko, Andrey; Bird, Gregory; Luccarelli, James; Bellairs, Joseph A.; Escudero, Silvia; Opoku-Nsiah, Kwadwo; Godes, Marina; Perrimon, Norbert; Walensky, Loren (National Academy of Sciences, 2015-02-10)
      Activating mutations in the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) underlie the pathogenesis and chemoresistance of ∼30% of all human tumors, yet the development of high-affinity inhibitors that target the broad ...
    • Direct Interaction between AR and PAK6 in Androgen-Stimulated PAK6 Activation 

      Liu, Xia; Busby, Jennifer; John, Ciny; Wei, Jianning; Yuan, Xin; Lu, Michael L. (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      A p21-activated kinase 6 (PAK6) was previously identified to be an androgen receptor (AR) interacting protein through a yeast two-hybrid screening. We used hormone responsive prostate cancer LAPC4 and LNCap cell lines as ...