Browsing Harvard Medical School by Title

Now showing items 556-575 of 18428

    • Air pollution attributable postneonatal infant mortality in U.S. metropolitan areas: a risk assessment study 

      Kaiser, Reinhard; Romieu, Isabelle; Medina, Sylvia; Schwartz, Joel David; Krzyzanowski, Michal; Künzli, Nino (BioMed Central, 2004)
      Background: The impact of outdoor air pollution on infant mortality has not been quantified. Methods: Based on exposure-response functions from a U.S. cohort study, we assessed the attributable risk of postneonatal infant ...

    • Air Pollution Exposure and Abnormal Glucose Tolerance during Pregnancy: The Project Viva Cohort 

      Fleisch, Abby F.; Gold, Diane R.; Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L.; Koutrakis, Petros; Schwartz, Joel D.; Kloog, Itai; Melly, Steven; Coull, Brent A.; Zanobetti, Antonella; Gillman, Matthew W.; Oken, Emily (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2014)
      Background: Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm; PM2.5) has been linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus, but associations with hyperglycemia in pregnancy have not been well studied. Methods: We studied ...

    • Air pollution exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women in Massachusetts: a cohort study 

      Fleisch, Abby F.; Kloog, Itai; Luttmann-Gibson, Heike; Gold, Diane R.; Oken, Emily; Schwartz, Joel D. (BioMed Central, 2016)
      Background: Rodent and human studies suggest an association between air pollution exposure and type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the extent to which air pollution is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is less ...

    • Air pollution exposure and lung function in highly exposed subjects in Beijing, China: a repeated-measure study 

      Baccarelli, Andrea A; Zheng, Yinan; Zhang, Xiao; Chang, Dou; Liu, Lei; Wolf, Katherine Rose; Zhang, Zhou; McCracken, John P; Díaz, Anaité; Bertazzi, Pier Alberto; Schwartz, Joel; Wang, Sheng; Kang, Choong-Min; Koutrakis, Petros; Hou, Lifang (BioMed Central, 2014)
      Background: Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) has been associated with reduced lung function. Elemental components of PM have been suggested to have critical roles in PM toxicity, but their contribution to ...

    • Air Pollution Exposures During Adulthood and Risk of Endometriosis in the Nurses’ Health Study II 

      Mahalingaiah, Shruthi; Hart, Jaime E.; Laden, Francine; Aschengrau, Ann; Missmer, Stacey A. (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2013)
      Background: Particulate matter and proximity to large roadways may promote disease mechanisms, including systemic inflammation, hormonal alteration, and vascular proliferation, that may contribute to the development and ...

    • Air Pollution, Smoking, and Plasma Homocysteine 

      Baccarelli, Andrea; Zanobetti, Antonella; Martinelli, Ida; Grillo, Paolo; Hou, Lifang; Lanzani, Guido; Mannucci, Pier Mannuccio; Bertazzi, Pier Alberto; Schwartz, Joel David (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2006)
      Background: Mild hyperhomocysteinemia is independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Air pollution exposure induces short-term inflammatory changes that may determine hyperhomocysteinemia, ...

    • Air Travel and the Spread of Influenza: Authors' Reply 

      Brownstein, John Samuel; Mandl, Kenneth David; Wolfe, Cecily J (Public Library of Science, 2006)

    • Air-Stimulated ATP Release from Keratinocytes Occurs through Connexin Hemichannels 

      Barr, Travis P; Albrecht, Phillip J.; Hou, Quanzhi; Mongin, Alexander A.; Strichartz, Gary Richard; Rice, Frank L. (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Cutaneous ATP release plays an important role in both epidermal stratification and chronic pain, but little is known about ATP release mechanisms in keratinocytes that comprise the epidermis. In this study, we analyzed ATP ...

    • Airborne Particulate Matter and Mitochondrial Damage: A Cross-Sectional Study 

      Hou, Lifang; Zhu, Zhong-Zheng; Nordio, Francesco; Bonzini, Matteo; Hoxha, Mirjam; Dioni, Laura; Marinelli, Barbara; Pegoraro, Valeria; Apostoli, Pietro; Bertazzi, Pier Alberto; Zhang, Xiao; Schwartz, Joel David; Baccarelli, Andrea (BioMed Central, 2010)
      Background: Oxidative stress generation is a primary mechanism mediating the effects of Particulate Matter (PM) on human health. Although mitochondria are both the major intracellular source and target of oxidative stress, ...

    • Aire controls gene expression in the thymic epithelium with ordered stochasticity 

      Meredith, Matthew; Zemmour, David; Mathis, Diane; Benoist, Christophe (2015)
      Aire controls immunologic tolerance by inducing the ectopic thymic expression of many tissue-specific genes, acting broadly by removing stops on the transcriptional machinery. To better understand Aire’s specificity, we ...

    • Airplane pilot mental health and suicidal thoughts: a cross-sectional descriptive study via anonymous web-based survey 

      Wu, Alexander C.; Donnelly-McLay, Deborah; Weisskopf, Marc G.; McNeely, Eileen; Betancourt, Theresa S.; Allen, Joseph G. (BioMed Central, 2016)
      Background: The Germanwings Flight 9525 crash has brought the sensitive subject of airline pilot mental health to the forefront in aviation. Globally, 350 million people suffer from depression–a common mental disorder. ...

    • Airway \(CD8^+\) T Cells Induced by Pulmonary DNA Immunization Mediate Protective Anti-Viral Immunity 

      Bivas-Benita, Maytal; Gillard, Geoffrey Oliver; Bar, L; White, K. A.; Webby, R J; Hovav, A-H; Letvin, N L (Nature Publishing Group, 2013)
      Vaccination strategies for protection against a number of respiratory pathogens must induce T-cell populations in both the pulmonary airways and peripheral lymphoid organs. In this study, we show that pulmonary immunization ...

    • Airway and Parenchymal Strains during Bronchoconstriction in the Precision Cut Lung Slice 

      Hiorns, Jonathan E.; Bidan, Cécile M.; Jensen, Oliver E.; Gosens, Reinoud; Kistemaker, Loes E. M.; Fredberg, Jeffrey J.; Butler, Jim P.; Krishnan, Ramaswamy; Brook, Bindi S. (Frontiers Media S.A., 2016)
      The precision-cut lung slice (PCLS) is a powerful tool for studying airway reactivity, but biomechanical measurements to date have largely focused on changes in airway caliber. Here we describe an image processing tool ...

    • Airway Epithelial Progenitors Are Region Specific and Show Differential Responses to Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury 

      Chen, Huaiyong; Matsumoto, Keitaro; Brockway, Brian L.; Rackley, Craig R.; Liang, Jiurong; Lee, Joo-Hyeon; Jiang, Dianhua; Noble, Paul W.; Randell, Scott H.; Kim, Carla; Stripp, Barry R. (Wiley, 2012-09)
      Mechanisms that regulate regional epithelial cell diversity and pathologic remodeling in airways are poorly understood. We hypothesized that regional differences in cell composition and injury-related tissue remodeling ...

    • Airway Lipoxin A4 Generation and Lipoxin A4 Receptor Expression Are Decreased in Severe Asthma 

      Planaguma, Anna; Kazani, Shamsah; Marigowda, Gautham; Haworth, Oliver; Mariani, Thomas J.; Israel, Elliot; Bleecker, Eugene R.; Curran-Everett, Douglas; Erzurum, Serpil C.; Calhoun, William J.; Castro, Mario; Chung, Kian Fan; Gaston, Benjamin M.; Jarjour, Nizar N.; Busse, William W.; Wenzel, Sally E.; Levy, Bruce (American Thoracic Society, 2008-09-15)
      Rationale: Airway inflammation is common in severe asthma despite antiinflammatory therapy with corticosteroids. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is an arachidonic acid–derived mediator that serves as an agonist for resolution of ...

    • AKAP12 Mediates Barrier Functions of Fibrotic Scars during CNS Repair 

      Cha, Jong-Ho; Wee, Hee-Jun; Seo, Ji Hae; Ahn, Bum Ju; Park, Ji-Hyeon; Yang, Jun-Mo; Lee, Sae-Won; Kim, Eun Hee; Lee, Ok-Hee; Heo, Ji Hoe; Lee, Hyo-Jong; Gelman, Irwin H.; Arai, Ken; Lo, Eng H.; Kim, Kyu-Won (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      The repair process after CNS injury shows a well-organized cascade of three distinct stages: inflammation, new tissue formation, and remodeling. In the new tissue formation stage, various cells migrate and form the fibrotic ...

    • AKAP9 regulates activation-induced retention of T lymphocytes at sites of inflammation 

      Herter, Jan M.; Grabie, Nir; Cullere, Xavier; Azcutia, Veronica; Rosetti, Florencia; Bennett, Paul; Herter-Sprie, Grit S.; Elyaman, Wassim; Luscinskas, Francis W.; Lichtman, Andrew H.; Mayadas, Tanya N. (Nature Publishing Group, 2015)
      The mechanisms driving T cell homing to lymph nodes and migration to tissue are well described but little is known about factors that affect T cell egress from tissues. Here, we generate mice with a T cell-specific deletion ...

    • Akt Finds its New Path to Regulate Cell Cycle Through Modulating Skp2 Activity and its Destruction by APC/Cdh1 

      Gao, Daming; Inuzuka, Hiroyuki; Tseng, Alan; Wei, Wenyi (BioMed Central, 2009)
      Skp2 over-expression has been observed in many human cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying elevated Skp2 expression have remained elusive. We recently reported that Akt1, but not Akt2, directly controls Skp2 stability ...

    • AKT methylation by SETDB1 promotes AKT kinase activity and oncogenic functions 

      Guo, Jianping; Dai, Xiangpeng; Laurent, Benoit; Zheng, Nana; Gan, Wenjian; Zhang, Jian; Guo, Ailan; Yuan, Min; Liu, Pengda; Asara, John M.; Toker, Alex; Shi, Yang; Pandolfi, Pier Paolo; Wei, Wenyi (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2019-01-28)
      Aberrant activation of Akt disturbs proliferation, survival and metabolic homeostasis of various human cancers. Thus, it is critical to understand upstream signaling pathways governing Akt activation. Here, we report that ...

    • Akt Promotes Endocardial-Mesenchyme Transition 

      Meadows, Kafi Najuma; Iyer, Seema; Stevens, Mark V.; Wang, Duanning; Shechter, Sharon; Perruzzi, Carole; Camenisch, Todd D.; Benjamin, Laura E. (BioMed Central, 2009)
      Endothelial to mesenchyme transition (EndMT) can be observed during the formation of endocardial cushions from the endocardium, the endothelial lining of the atrioventricular canal (AVC), of the developing heart at embryonic ...