Browsing Harvard Medical School by Title
Now showing items 718-737 of 18427
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The Amino-Acid Mutational Spectrum of Human Genetic Disease
(BioMed Central, 2003)Background: Nonsynonymous mutations in the coding regions of human genes are responsible for phenotypic differences between humans and for susceptibility to genetic disease. Computational methods were recently used to ... -
Aminoglycoside Cross-Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Due to Mutations in the 5′ Untranslated Region of whiB7
(American Society for Microbiology, 2013)Since the discovery of streptomycin's bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, aminoglycosides have been utilized to treat tuberculosis (TB). Today, the aminoglycosides kanamycin and amikacin are used to ... -
Aminoglycosides Decrease Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Activity by Interfering with Selenocysteine Incorporation
(American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2006)Cellular glutathione peroxidase is a key intracellular antioxidant enzyme that contains a selenocysteine residue at its active site. Selenium, a selenocysteine incorporation sequence in the 3'-untranslated region of the ... -
Aminoimidazole Carboxamide Ribonucleotide (AICAR) Inhibits the Growth of Retinoblastoma In Vivo by Decreasing Angiogenesis and Inducing Apoptosis
(Public Library of Science, 2013)5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an analog of AMP is widely used as an activator of AMP-kinase (AMPK), a protein that regulates the responses of the cell to energy change. Recently, we showed ... -
Amnion Epithelial Cell-Derived Exosomes Restrict Lung Injury and Enhance Endogenous Lung Repair
(Wiley, 2018-02)Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by chronic inflammation, severe scarring, and stem cell senescence. Stem cell‐based therapies modulate inflammatory and fibrogenic pathways by release of soluble factors. ... -
Amnion-Derived Multipotent Progenitor Cells Improve Achilles Tendon Repair in Rats
(Open Science Company, LLC, 2013)Objective: Tendon injuries produce considerable morbidity, long-lasting disability, and remain a considerable challenge for clinicians and patients. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of amnion-derived ... -
Amniotic fluid exerts a neurotrophic influence on fetal neurodevelopment via the ERK/GSK-3 pathway
(BioMed Central, 2015)Background: The fetus is surrounded by the amniotic fluid (AF) contained by the amniotic sac of the pregnant female. The AF is directly conveyed to the fetus during pregnancy. Although AF has recently been reported as an ... -
AMP-activated Protein Kinase Suppresses Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts
(American Society for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (ASBMB), 2011)Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays a critical role in tissue remodeling under both physiological and pathological conditions. Although MMP-9 expression is low in most cells and is tightly controlled, the mechanism ... -
AMP-activated protein kinase-α1 as an activating kinase of TGF-β-activated kinase 1 has a key role in inflammatory signals
(Nature Publishing Group, 2012)Although previous studies have proposed plausible mechanisms of the activation of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) in inflammatory signals, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), its activating kinase ... -
AMP-dependent Kinase Inhibits Oxidative Stress-induced Caveolin-1 Phosphorylation and Endocytosis by Suppressing the Dissociation between c-Abl and Prdx1 Proteins in Endothelial Cells
(American Society for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (ASBMB), 2013)Caveolin-1 is the primary structural component of endothelial caveolae that is essential for transcellular trafficking of albumin and is also a critical scaffolding protein that regulates the activity of signaling molecules ... -
An Amphiphilic Peptide Induces Apoptosis Through the miR29b-p53 Pathway in Cancer Cells
(Nature Publishing Group, 2016)Peptides have been in the limelight, as therapeutic agents for cancer treatment through various applications due to their high target selectivity and exceptional ability to penetrate the cell membrane. Recent studies have ... -
Amphiregulin-EGFR Signaling Mediates the Migration of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Progenitors toward PTH-Stimulated Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) dramatically increases bone mass and currently is one of the most effective treatments for osteoporosis. However, the detailed mechanisms are still largely unknown. ... -
Amphotericin B Increases Influenza A Virus Infection by Preventing IFITM3-Mediated Restriction
(Elsevier BV, 2013-11)The IFITMs inhibit influenza A virus (IAV) replication in vitro and in vivo. Here, we establish that the antimycotic heptaen, amphotericin B (AmphoB), prevents IFITM3-mediated restriction of IAV, thereby increasing viral ... -
Amplification and overexpression of Aurora-A in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
(Spandidos Publications, 2007)Aurora-A/BTAK/STK15 gene which encodes a centrosome-associated kinase is located on chromosome 20q13.2, a highly amplified region in various human tumors. Recent studies have demonstrated the overexpression and amplification ... -
Amplification of Chromosomal Segment 4q12 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
(Informa UK Limited, 2009-11-01)In cancer, proto-oncogenes are often altered by genomic amplification. Here we report recurrent focal amplifications of chromosomal segment 4q12 overlapping the proto-oncogenes PDGFRA and KIT in non-small cell lung cancer ... -
Amplification of the Angiogenic Signal through the Activation of the TSC/mTOR/HIF Axis by the KSHV vGPCR in Kaposi's Sarcoma
(Public Library of Science, 2011)Background: Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a vascular neoplasm characterized by the dysregulated expression of angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines. The driving force of the KS lesion, the KSHV-infected spindle cell, secretes ... -
The Amplifier Effect: How Pin1 Empowers Mutant p53
(BioMed Central, 2011)Mutation of p53 occurs in 15 to 20% of all breast cancers, and with higher frequency in estrogen-receptor negative and high-grade tumors. Certain p53 mutations contribute to malignant transformation not only through loss ... -
Amplitude Reduction and Phase Shifts of Melatonin, Cortisol and Other Circadian Rhythms after a Gradual Advance of Sleep and Light Exposure in Humans
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Background: The phase and amplitude of rhythms in physiology and behavior are generated by circadian oscillators and entrained to the 24-h day by exposure to the light-dark cycle and feedback from the sleep-wake cycle. The ... -
Amygdala and Fusiform Gyrus Temporal Dynamics: Responses to Negative Facial Expressions
(BioMed Central, 2008)Background: The amygdala habituates in response to repeated human facial expressions; however, it is unclear whether this brain region habituates to schematic faces (i.e., simple line drawings or caricatures of faces). ...