Browsing Harvard Medical School by Title
Now showing items 8428-8447 of 18428
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The IL-2 Defect in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Has an Expansive Effect on Host Immunity
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2010)IL-2 production is decreased in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and affects T cell function and other aspects of host immunity. Transcription factors regulating IL-2 production behave aberrantly in SLE T cells. ... -
IL-21 induces antiviral microRNA-29 in CD4 T cells to limit HIV-1 infection
(Nature Pub. Group, 2015)Initial events after exposure determine HIV-1 disease progression, underscoring a critical need to understand host mechanisms that interfere with initial viral replication. Although associated with chronic HIV-1 control, ... -
IL-21 induces IL-22 production in CD4+ T-cells
(2014)IL-22 produced by innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and CD4+ T cells plays an important role in host defense and mucosal homeostasis, thus it is important to investigate the mechanisms that regulate IL-22 production. We ... -
IL-21 Is an Antitolerogenic Cytokine of the Late-Phase Alloimmune Response
(American Diabetes Association, 2011)Objective: Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a proinflammatory cytokine that has been shown to affect Treg/Teff balance. However, the mechanism by which IL-21 orchestrates alloimmune response and interplays with Tregs is still ... -
IL-21 signaling is essential for optimal host resistance against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
(Nature Publishing Group, 2016)IL-21 is produced predominantly by activated CD4+ T cells and has pleiotropic effects on immunity via the IL-21 receptor (IL-21R), a member of the common gamma chain (γc) cytokine receptor family. We show that IL-21 signaling ... -
IL-23 Induces Atopic Dermatitis-Like Inflammation Instead of Psoriasis-Like Inflammation in CCR2-Deficient Mice
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Psoriasis is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory skin disease, characterized by epidermal hyperplasia and infiltration of leukocytes into the dermis and epidermis. IL-23 is expressed in psoriatic skin, and IL-23 injected ... -
An IL-27/NFIL3 signaling axis drives Tim-3 and IL-10 expression and T cell dysfunction
(2015)SUMMARY The inhibitory receptor Tim-3 has emerged as a critical regulator of the T cell dysfunction that develops in chronic viral infections and cancers. However, little is known regarding the signaling pathways that drive ... -
IL-33/Regulatory T Cell Axis Triggers the Development of a Tumor-Promoting Immune Environment in Chronic Inflammation
(2019-05-06)Chronic inflammation’s tumor-promoting potential is well-recognized; however, the mechanism underlying the development of this immune environment is unknown. In contrast to anti-tumor immunity in acute allergic contact ... -
IL-36α Exerts Pro-Inflammatory Effects in the Lungs of Mice
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Interleukin (IL-) 36 cytokines (previously designated as novel IL-1 family member cytokines; IL-1F5– IL-1F10) constitute a novel cluster of cytokines structurally and functionally similar to members of the IL-1 cytokine ... -
IL-4/IL-13-Dependent and Independent Expression of miR-124 and Its Contribution to M2 Phenotype of Monocytic Cells in Normal Conditions and during Allergic Inflammation
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Monocytic cells exhibit a high level of heterogeneity and have two distinct modes of their activation: 1) classical M1 path associated with inflammation and tissue damage, and 2) alternative M2 path. Although it has been ... -
IL2RA Genetic Heterogeneity in Multiple Sclerosis and Type 1 Diabetes Susceptibility and Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor Production
(Public Library of Science, 2009)Multiple sclerosis (MS) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) are organ-specific autoimmune disorders with significant heritability, part of which is conferred by shared alleles. For decades, the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) complex ... -
Illness Meanings and Experiences for Pre-Ulcer and Ulcer Conditions of Buruli Ulcer in the Ga-West and Ga-South Municipalities of Ghana
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2012-05-11)Background Ghana is a Buruli ulcer (BU) endemic country yet there is paucity of socio-cultural research on BU. Examining distinctive experiences and meanings for pre-ulcers and ulcers of BU may clarify the disease burden, ... -
The Illusion of Distribution-Free Small-Sample Classification in Genomics
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2011)Classification has emerged as a major area of investigation in bioinformatics owing to the desire to discriminate phenotypes, in particular, disease conditions, using high-throughput genomic data. While many classification ... -
Illusory Stimuli Can Be Used to Identify Retinal Blind Spots
(Public Library of Science, 2007)Background: Identification of visual field loss in people with retinal disease is not straightforward as people with eye disease are frequently unaware of substantial deficits in their visual field, as a consequence of ... -
Image Quality and Radiation Dose of CT Coronary Angiography with Automatic Tube Current Modulation and Strong Adaptive Iterative Dose Reduction Three-Dimensional (AIDR3D)
(Public Library of Science, 2015)Purpose To investigate image quality and radiation dose of CT coronary angiography (CTCA) scanned using automatic tube current modulation (ATCM) and reconstructed by strong adaptive iterative dose reduction three-dimensional ... -
Image Registration of Pre-Procedural MRI and Intra-Procedural CT Images to Aid CT-Guided Percutaneous Cryoablation of Renal Tumors
(Springer Nature, 2010)Purpose: To determine whether a non-rigid registration (NRR) technique was more accurate than a rigid registration (RR) technique when fusing pre-procedural contrast-enhanced MR images to unenhanced CT images during CT-guided ... -
An Image Score Inference System for RNAi Genome-Wide Screening Based on Fuzzy Mixture Regression Modeling
(Elsevier BV, 2009-02)With recent advances in fluorescence microscopy imaging techniques and methods of gene knock down by RNA interference (RNAi), genome-scale high-content screening (HCS) has emerged as a powerful approach to systematically ... -
An Image-Based Genetic Assay Identifies Genes in T1D Susceptibility Loci Controlling Cellular Antiviral Immunity in Mouse
(Public Library of Science, 2014)The pathogenesis of complex diseases, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), derives from interactions between host genetics and environmental factors. Previous studies have suggested that viral infection plays a significant role ... -
An image-based RNAi screen identifies SH3BP1 as a key effector of Semaphorin 3E–PlexinD1 signaling
(The Rockefeller University Press, 2014)Extracellular signals have to be precisely interpreted intracellularly and translated into diverse cellular behaviors often mediated by cytoskeletal changes. Semaphorins are one of the largest families of guidance cues and ... -
Image-Driven Population Analysis Through Mixture Modeling
(Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2009)We present iCluster, a fast and efficient algorithm that clusters a set of images while co-registering them using a parameterized, nonlinear transformation model. The output of the algorithm is a small number of template ...