Browsing Harvard Medical School by Keyword "Cell biology"

Now showing items 1-20 of 23

    • Chronic HCV Infection Affects the NK Cell Phenotype in the Blood More than in the Liver 

      Cosgrove, Cormac; Berger, Christoph T.; Kroy, Daniela C.; Cheney, Patrick C.; Ghebremichael, Musie; Aneja, Jasneet; Tomlinson, Michelle; Kim, Arthur Y.; Lauer, Georg M.; Alter, Galit (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Although epidemiological and functional studies have implicated NK cells in protection and early clearance of HCV, the mechanism by which they may contribute to viral control is poorly understood, particularly at the site ...

    • Circulating MicroRNAs: Association with Lung Function in Asthma 

      Kho, Alvin T.; Sharma, Sunita; Davis, Joshua S.; Spina, Joseph; Howard, Dagnie; McEnroy, Kevin; Moore, Kip; Sylvia, Jody; Qiu, Weiliang; Weiss, Scott T.; Tantisira, Kelan G. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Background: MicroRNAs are key transcriptional and network regulators previously associated with asthma susceptibility. However, their role in relation to asthma severity has not been delineated. Objective: We hypothesized ...

    • Comparison of Early Changes in Ocular Surface and Inflammatory Mediators between Femtosecond Lenticule Extraction and Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction 

      Zhang, Chi; Ding, Hui; He, Miao; Liu, Lina; Liu, Liangping; Li, Gang; Niu, Bing; Zhong, Xingwu (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Purpose To evaluate the short-term changes in ocular surface measures and tear inflammatory mediators after femtosecond lenticule extraction (FLEx) and small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) procedures. Methods: ...

    • Contrasting Roles of Islet Resident Immunoregulatory Macrophages and Dendritic Cells in Experimental Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes 

      Thornley, Thomas B.; Agarwal, Krishna A.; Kyriazis, Periklis; Ma, Lingzhi; Chipashvili, Vaja; Aker, Jonathan E.; Korniotis, Sarantis; Csizmadia, Eva; Strom, Terry B.; Koulmanda, Maria (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      The innate immune system critically shapes diabetogenic adaptive immunity during type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis. While the role of tissue-infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages in T1D is well established, the role ...

    • Cytomegalovirus Reinfections Stimulate CD8 T-Memory Inflation 

      Trgovcich, Joanne; Kincaid, Michelle; Thomas, Alicia; Griessl, Marion; Zimmerman, Peter; Dwivedi, Varun; Bergdall, Valerie; Klenerman, Paul; Cook, Charles H. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been shown to induce large populations of CD8 T-effector memory cells that unlike central memory persist in large quantities following infection, a phenomenon commonly termed “memory inflation”. ...

    • Dermal γδ T Cells Do Not Freely Re-Circulate Out of Skin and Produce IL-17 to Promote Neutrophil Infiltration during Primary Contact Hypersensitivity 

      Jiang, Xiaodong; Park, Chang Ook; Geddes Sweeney, Jenna; Yoo, Min Jae; Gaide, Olivier; Kupper, Thomas Seth (Public Library of Science, 2017)
      The role of mouse dermal γδ T cells in inflammatory skin disorders and host defense has been studied extensively. It is known that dendritic epidermal T cells (DETC) have a monomorphic γδ T cell receptor (TCR) and reside ...

    • Discovery of Genetic Variation on Chromosome 5q22 Associated with Mortality in Heart Failure 

      Smith, J. Gustav; Felix, Janine F.; Morrison, Alanna C.; Kalogeropoulos, Andreas; Trompet, Stella; Wilk, Jemma B.; Gidlöf, Olof; Wang, Xinchen; Morley, Michael; Mendelson, Michael; Joehanes, Roby; Ligthart, Symen; Shan, Xiaoyin; Bis, Joshua C.; Wang, Ying A.; Sjögren, Marketa; Ngwa, Julius; Brandimarto, Jeffrey; Stott, David J.; Aguilar, David; Rice, Kenneth M.; Sesso, Howard D.; Demissie, Serkalem; Buckley, Brendan M.; Taylor, Kent D.; Ford, Ian; Yao, Chen; Liu, Chunyu; Sotoodehnia, Nona; van der Harst, Pim; Stricker, Bruno H. Ch.; Kritchevsky, Stephen B.; Liu, Yongmei; Gaziano, J. Michael; Hofman, Albert; Moravec, Christine S.; Uitterlinden, André G.; Kellis, Manolis; van Meurs, Joyce B.; Margulies, Kenneth B.; Dehghan, Abbas; Levy, Daniel; Olde, Björn; Psaty, Bruce M.; Cupples, L. Adrienne; Jukema, J. Wouter; Djousse, Luc; Franco, Oscar H.; Boerwinkle, Eric; Boyer, Laurie A.; Newton-Cheh, Christopher; Butler, Javed; Vasan, Ramachandran S.; Cappola, Thomas P.; Smith, Nicholas L. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Failure of the human heart to maintain sufficient output of blood for the demands of the body, heart failure, is a common condition with high mortality even with modern therapeutic alternatives. To identify molecular ...

    • EGF-Like-Domain-7 Is Required for VEGF-Induced Akt/ERK Activation and Vascular Tube Formation in an Ex Vivo Angiogenesis Assay 

      Takeuchi, Kimio; Yanai, Ryoji; Kumase, Fumiaki; Morizane, Yuki; Suzuki, Jun; Kayama, Maki; Brodowska, Katarzyna; Nakazawa, Mitsuru; Miller, Joan W.; Connor, Kip M.; Vavvas, Demetrios G. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      EGFL7 is a secreted angiogenic factor, which in contrast to the well-known secreted angiogenic molecules VEGF and FGF-2, is almost exclusively expressed by endothelial cells and may act in an autocrine fashion. Prior studies ...

    • Induced Human Decidual NK-Like Cells Improve Utero-Placental Perfusion in Mice 

      Cavalli, Ricardo C.; Cerdeira, Ana Sofia; Pernicone, Elizabeth; Korkes, Henri A.; Burke, Suzanne D.; Rajakumar, Augustine; Thadhani, Ravi I.; Roberts, Drucilla J.; Bhasin, Manoj; Karumanchi, S. Ananth; Kopcow, Hernan D. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Decidual NK (dNK) cells, a distinct type of NK cell, are thought to regulate uterine spiral artery remodeling, a process that allows for increased blood delivery to the fetal-placental unit. Impairment of uterine spiral ...

    • Interleukin-6 Secretion by Astrocytes Is Dynamically Regulated by PI3K-mTOR-Calcium Signaling 

      Codeluppi, Simone; Fernandez-Zafra, Teresa; Sandor, Katalin; Kjell, Jacob; Liu, Qingsong; Abrams, Mathew; Olson, Lars; Gray, Nathanael S.; Svensson, Camilla I.; Uhlén, Per (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      After contusion spinal cord injury (SCI), astrocytes become reactive and form a glial scar. While this reduces spreading of the damage by containing the area of injury, it inhibits regeneration. One strategy to improve the ...

    • A Novel High-Throughput 3D Screening System for EMT Inhibitors: A Pilot Screening Discovered the EMT Inhibitory Activity of CDK2 Inhibitor SU9516 

      Arai, Kazuya; Eguchi, Takanori; Rahman, M. Mamunur; Sakamoto, Ruriko; Masuda, Norio; Nakatsura, Tetsuya; Calderwood, Stuart K.; Kozaki, Ken-ichi; Itoh, Manabu (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial pathological event in cancer, particularly in tumor cell budding and metastasis. Therefore, control of EMT can represent a novel therapeutic strategy in cancer. Here, ...

    • The Oncoprotein BRD4-NUT Generates Aberrant Histone Modification Patterns 

      Zee, Barry M.; Dibona, Amy B.; Alekseyenko, Artyom A.; French, Christopher A.; Kuroda, Mitzi I. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Defects in chromatin proteins frequently manifest in diseases. A striking case of a chromatin-centric disease is NUT-midline carcinoma (NMC), which is characterized by expression of NUT as a fusion partner most frequently ...

    • Pathway Network Analyses for Autism Reveal Multisystem Involvement, Major Overlaps with Other Diseases and Convergence upon MAPK and Calcium Signaling 

      Wen, Ya; Alshikho, Mohamad J.; Herbert, Martha R. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      We used established databases in standard ways to systematically characterize gene ontologies, pathways and functional linkages in the large set of genes now associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). These conditions ...

    • Photoprotective Effects of Cycloheterophyllin against UVA-Induced Damage and Oxidative Stress in Human Dermal Fibroblasts 

      Huang, Cheng-Hua; Li, Hsin-Ju; Lin, Chun-Nan; Wu, Nan-Lin; Hsiao, Chien-Yu; Chang, Hsun-Hsien; Hung, Chi-Feng (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly ultraviolet A (UVA), is known to play a major role in photoaging of the human skin. Many studies have demonstrated that UV exposure causes the skin cells to generate reactive oxygen ...

    • PI3Kγ Deficient NOD-Mice Are Protected from Diabetes by Restoring the Balance of Regulatory to Effector-T-Cells 

      Azzi, Jamil; Thueson, Lindsay; Moore, Robert; Abdoli, Rozita; Reijonen, Helena; Abdi, Reza (Public Library of Science, 2017)
      With a steady increase in its incidence and lack of curative treatment, type 1 diabetes (T1D) has emerged as a major health problem worldwide. To design novel effective therapies, there is a pressing need to identify ...

    • Production of Mucosally Transmissible SHIV Challenge Stocks from HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form 01_AE env Sequences 

      Tartaglia, Lawrence J.; Chang, Hui-Wen; Lee, Benjamin C.; Abbink, Peter; Ng’ang’a, David; Boyd, Michael; Lavine, Christy L.; Lim, So-Yon; Sanisetty, Srisowmya; Whitney, James B.; Seaman, Michael S.; Rolland, Morgane; Tovanabutra, Sodsai; Ananworanich, Jintanat; Robb, Merlin L.; Kim, Jerome H.; Michael, Nelson L.; Barouch, Dan H. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenge stocks are critical for preclinical testing of vaccines, antibodies, and other interventions aimed to prevent HIV-1. A major unmet need for the field has been the lack ...

    • Ribosomal Protein Mutations Induce Autophagy through S6 Kinase Inhibition of the Insulin Pathway 

      Heijnen, Harry F.; van Wijk, Richard; Pereboom, Tamara C.; Goos, Yvonne J.; Seinen, Cor W.; van Oirschot, Brigitte A.; van Dooren, Rowie; Gastou, Marc; Giles, Rachel H.; van Solinge, Wouter; Kuijpers, Taco W.; Gazda, Hanna T.; Bierings, Marc B.; Da Costa, Lydie; MacInnes, Alyson W. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Mutations affecting the ribosome lead to several diseases known as ribosomopathies, with phenotypes that include growth defects, cytopenia, and bone marrow failure. Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), for example, is a pure red ...

    • Self-renewing resident arterial macrophages arise from embryonic CX3CR1+ precursors and circulating monocytes immediately after birth 

      Ensan, Sherine; Li, Angela; Besla, Rickvinder; Degousee, Norbert; Cosme, Jake; Roufaiel, Mark; Shikatani, Eric A; El-Maklizi, Mahmoud; Williams, Jesse W; Robins, Lauren; Li, Cedric; Lewis, Bonnie; Yun, Tae Jin; Lee, Jun Seong; Wieghofer, Peter; Khattar, Ramzi; Farrokhi, Kaveh; Byrne, John; Ouzounian, Maral; Zavitz, Caleb C J; Levy, Gary A; Bauer, Carla M T; Libby, Peter; Husain, Mansoor; Swirski, Filip K.; Cheong, Cheolho; Prinz, Marco; Hilgendorf, Ingo; Randolph, Gwendalyn J; Epelman, Slava; Gramolini, Anthony O; Cybulsky, Myron I; Rubin, Barry B; Robbins, Clinton S (Nature Publishing Group, 2015)
      Resident macrophages densely populate the normal arterial wall, yet their origins and the mechanisms that sustain them are poorly understood. Here we use gene-expression profiling to show that arterial macrophages constitute ...

    • A Subset of Latency-Reversing Agents Expose HIV-Infected Resting CD4+ T-Cells to Recognition by Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes 

      Jones, R. Brad; Mueller, Stefanie; O’Connor, Rachel; Rimpel, Katherine; Sloan, Derek D.; Karel, Dan; Wong, Hing C.; Jeng, Emily K.; Thomas, Allison S.; Whitney, James B.; Lim, So-Yon; Kovacs, Colin; Benko, Erika; Karandish, Sara; Huang, Szu-Han; Buzon, Maria J.; Lichterfeld, Mathias; Irrinki, Alivelu; Murry, Jeffrey P.; Tsai, Angela; Yu, Helen; Geleziunas, Romas; Trocha, Alicja; Ostrowski, Mario A.; Irvine, Darrell J.; Walker, Bruce D. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Resting CD4+ T-cells harboring inducible HIV proviruses are a critical reservoir in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated subjects. These cells express little to no viral protein, and thus neither die by viral cytopathic ...

    • Systems Pharmacology and Rational Polypharmacy: Nitric Oxide−Cyclic GMP Signaling Pathway as an Illustrative Example and Derivation of the General Case 

      Garmaroudi, Farshid S.; Handy, Diane E.; Liu, Yang-Yu; Loscalzo, Joseph (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Impaired nitric oxide (NO˙)-cyclic guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cGMP) signaling has been observed in many cardiovascular disorders, including heart failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension. There are several enzymatic ...