Browsing Harvard Medical School by Keyword "Clinical Epidemiology"

Now showing items 1-20 of 32

    • Acid Suppression Therapy Does Not Predispose to Clostridium difficile Infection: The Case of the Potential Bias 

      Novack, Lena; Kogan, Slava; Gimpelevich, Larisa; Howell, Michael; Borer, Abraham; Kelly, Ciarán P.; Leffler, Daniel A.; Novack, Victor (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Objective: An adverse effect of acid-suppression medications on the occurrence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has been a common finding of many, but not all studies. We hypothesized that association between ...

    • Aggressive Regimens for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Decrease All-Cause Mortality 

      Mitnick, Carole Diane; Franke, Molly Forrest; Rich, Michael Leonard; Alcantara Viru, Felix A.; Appleton, Sasha C.; Atwood, Sidney S.; Bayona, Jaime N.; Bonilla, Cesar A.; Chalco, Katiuska; Fraser, Hamish S. F.; Furin, Jennifer J.; Guerra, Dalia; Hurtado, Rocio M.; Joseph, Keith; Llaro, Karim; Mestanza, Lorena; Mukherjee, Joia S.; Muñoz, Maribel; Palacios, Eda; Sanchez, Epifanio; Seung, Kwonjune J.; Shin, Sonya S.; Sloutsky, Alexander; Tolman, Arielle W.; Becerra, Mercedes C. (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Rationale: A better understanding of the composition of optimal treatment regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is essential for expanding universal access to effective treatment and for developing new ...

    • The Association between Disturbed Eating Behavior and Socioeconomic Status: The Online Korean Adolescent Panel Survey (OnKAPS) 

      Lee, Eun Jung; Park, Sangshin; Kim, Cho-il; Choi, Doo-won; Lee, Jung Sun; Oh, Sun Min; Cho, Eunyoung; Park, Hye Kyung; Kwon, Kwang-il; Oh, Sang Woo (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Background: A limited amount of research, primarily conducted in Western countries, has suggested that higher socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with higher risk of eating disorders (EDs). However, little is known ...

    • Association between Non-High-Density-Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Levels and the Prevalence of Asymptomatic Intracranial Arterial Stenosis 

      Wu, Jianwei; Zhang, Qian; Yang, Huajun; Gao, Xiang; Zhou, Yong; Wang, Anxin; Wang, Chunxue; Zhang, Shufeng; Wu, Shouling; Zhao, Xingquan (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the association between non-high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and the prevalence of asymptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS). Methods and Results: The ...

    • Association between prehospital vitamin D status and incident acute respiratory failure in critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study 

      Thickett, David R; Moromizato, Takuhiro; Litonjua, Augusto A; Amrein, Karin; Quraishi, Sadeq A; Lee-Sarwar, Kathleen A; Mogensen, Kris M; Purtle, Steven W; Gibbons, Fiona K; Camargo, Carlos A; Giovannucci, Edward; Christopher, Kenneth B (BMJ Publishing Group, 2015)
      Objective: We hypothesise that low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels before hospitalisation are associated with increased risk of acute respiratory failure. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Medical and ...

    • The Association of Early Childhood Cognitive Development and Behavioural Difficulties with Pre-Adolescent Problematic Eating Attitudes 

      Richmond, Rebecca C.; Skugarevsky, Oleg; Yang, Seungmi; Kramer, Michael S.; Wade, Kaitlin H.; Patel, Rita; Bogdanovich, Natalia; Vilchuck, Konstantin; Sergeichick, Natalia; Smith, George Davey; Oken, Emily; Martin, Richard M. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Objectives: Few studies have prospectively investigated associations of child cognitive ability and behavioural difficulties with later eating attitudes. We investigated associations of intelligence quotient (IQ), academic ...

    • The Association of Systemic Microvascular Changes with Lung Function and Lung Density: A Cross-Sectional Study 

      Harris, Bianca; Klein, Ronald; Jerosch-Herold, Michael; Hoffman, Eric A.; Ahmed, Firas S.; Klein, Barbara E. K.; Wong, Tien Y.; Lima, Joao A. C.; Cotch, Mary Frances; Barr, R. Graham; Jacobs, David R., Jr. (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Smoking causes endothelial dysfunction and systemic microvascular disease with resultant end-organ damage in the kidneys, eyes and heart. Little is known about microvascular changes in smoking-related lung disease. We ...

    • Biochemical Phenotypes to Discriminate Microbial Subpopulations and Improve Outbreak Detection 

      Galar, Alicia; Kulldorff, Martin; Rudnick, Wallis; O'Brien, Thomas F.; Stelling, John (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Background: Clinical microbiology laboratories worldwide constitute an invaluable resource for monitoring emerging threats and the spread of antimicrobial resistance. We studied the growing number of biochemical tests ...

    • Blunted Response to Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV Elite Controllers: An International HIV Controller Collaboration 

      Boufassa, Faroudy; Lechenadec, Jérome; Meyer, Laurence; Costagliola, Dominique; Hunt, Peter W.; Pereyra, Florencia; Deeks, Steve; Pancino, Gianfranco; Taulera, Olivier; Lichterfeld, Mathias; Delobel, Pierre; Saez-Cirion, Asier; Lambotte, Olivier (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Objective: HIV “elite controllers” (ECs) spontaneously control viral load, but some eventually require combination antiretroviral treatment (cART), due to a loss of viral control or a decline in CD4 T-cell counts. Here we ...

    • Clinical Characteristics of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Co-Occurring Epilepsy 

      Viscidi, Emma W.; Triche, Elizabeth W.; Pescosolido, Matthew F.; McLean, Rebecca L.; Joseph, Robert M.; Spence, Sarah J.; Morrow, Eric M. (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of epilepsy in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of children with ASD and epilepsy in a large patient population. ...

    • Daily Step Count Predicts Acute Exacerbations in a US Cohort with COPD 

      Moy, Marilyn Lilun; Teylan, Merilee Ann; Weston, Nicole A.; Gagnon, David R.; Garshick, Eric (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Background: COPD is characterized by variability in exercise capacity and physical activity (PA), and acute exacerbations (AEs). Little is known about the relationship between daily step count, a direct measure of PA, and ...

    • Elevated Plasma Total Cholesterol Level Is Associated with the Risk of Asymptomatic Intracranial Arterial Stenosis 

      Shen, Yuan; Wang, Jing; Wu, Jianwei; Qu, Weikai; Wang, Chunxue; Gao, Xiang; Zhou, Yong; Wang, Anxin; Wu, Shouling; Zhao, Xingquan (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Background: Intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) is one of the most common causes of stroke, and dyslipidemia was one of the most common risk factors related to ICAS. However, the correlation between the plasma total ...

    • Factors Associated with Self-Reported Repeat HIV Testing after a Negative Result in Durban, South Africa 

      Regan, Susan; Losina, Elena; Chetty, Senica; Giddy, Janet; Walensky, Rochelle P.; Ross, Douglas Sterling; Holst, Helga; Katz, Jeffrey Neil; Freedberg, Kenneth Alan; Bassett, Ingrid Valerie (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Background: Routine screening for HIV infection leads to early detection and treatment. We examined patient characteristics associated with repeated screening in a high prevalence country. Methods: We analyzed data from a ...

    • The Gap between Estimated Incidence of End-Stage Renal Disease and Use of Therapy 

      Anand, Shuchi; Bitton, Asaf; Gaziano, Thomas (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Background: Relatively few data exist on the burden of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and use of renal replacement therapy (RRT)–a life-saving therapy–in developing regions. No study has quantified the proportion of patients ...

    • Gene × Physical Activity Interactions in Obesity: Combined Analysis of 111,421 Individuals of European Ancestry 

      Ahmad, Shafqat; Rukh, Gull; Varga, Tibor V.; Ali, Ashfaq; Kurbasic, Azra; Shungin, Dmitry; Ericson, Ulrika; Koivula, Robert W.; Chu, Audrey Y.; Rose, Lynda M.; Ganna, Andrea; Qi, Qibin; Stančáková, Alena; Sandholt, Camilla H.; Elks, Cathy E.; Curhan, Gary; Jensen, Majken K.; Tamimi, Rulla M.; Allin, Kristine H.; Jørgensen, Torben; Brage, Soren; Langenberg, Claudia; Aadahl, Mette; Grarup, Niels; Linneberg, Allan; Paré, Guillaume; Magnusson, Patrik K. E.; Pedersen, Nancy L.; Boehnke, Michael; Hamsten, Anders; Mohlke, Karen L.; Pasquale, Louis T.; Pedersen, Oluf; Scott, Robert A.; Ridker, Paul M.; Ingelsson, Erik; Laakso, Markku; Hansen, Torben; Qi, Lu; Wareham, Nicholas J.; Chasman, Daniel I.; Hallmans, Göran; Hu, Frank B.; Renström, Frida; Orho-Melander, Marju; Franks, Paul W. (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Numerous obesity loci have been identified using genome-wide association studies. A UK study indicated that physical activity may attenuate the cumulative effect of 12 of these loci, but replication studies are lacking. ...

    • Genome-Wide Association Study of Circulating Estradiol, Testosterone, and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin in Postmenopausal Women 

      Prescott, Jennifer; Thompson, Deborah J.; Kraft, Peter; Chanock, Stephen J.; Audley, Tina; Brown, Judith; Leyland, Jean; Folkerd, Elizabeth; Doody, Deborah; Hankinson, Susan Elizabeth; Hunter, David J.; Jacobs, Kevin B.; Dowsett, Mitch; Cox, David G.; Easton, Douglas F.; De Vivo, Immaculata (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified common genetic variants that contribute to breast cancer risk. Discovering additional variants has become difficult, as power to detect variants of weaker ...

    • Healthy Dietary Interventions and Lipoprotein (a) Plasma Levels: Results from the Omni Heart Trial 

      Haring, Bernhard; Wyler von Ballmoos, Moritz C.; Appel, Lawrence J.; Sacks, Frank M. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Background: Increased lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels are associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Studies of dietary interventions on changes in Lp(a) are sparse. We aimed to compare the effects of three ...

    • Ideal Cardiovascular Health Metrics on the Prevalence of Asymptomatic Intracranial Artery Stenosis: A Cross-Sectional Study 

      Zhang, Qian; Zhang, Shufeng; Wang, Chunxue; Gao, Xiang; Zhou, Yong; Zhou, Heng; Wang, Anxin; Wu, Jianwei; Bian, Liheng; Wu, Shouling; Zhao, Xingquan (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Background and Purpose Intracranial Artery Stenosis (ICAS) is one of the most common causes of ischemic stroke in Asia. Previous studies have shown the number of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics was associated ...

    • Informed Conditioning on Clinical Covariates Increases Power in Case-Control Association Studies 

      Zaitlen, Noah; Lindström, Sara; Pasaniuc, Bogdan; Cornelis, Marilyn; Genovese, Giulio; Pollack, Samuela; Barton, Anne; Bickeböller, Heike; Bowden, Donald W.; Eyre, Steve; Freedman, Barry I.; Friedman, David J.; Field, John K.; Groop, Leif; Haugen, Aage; Heinrich, Joachim; Henderson, Brian E.; Hicks, Pamela J.; Hocking, Lynne J.; Kolonel, Laurence N.; Landi, Maria Teresa; Langefeld, Carl D.; Le Marchand, Loic; Meister, Michael; Morgan, Ann W.; Raji, Olaide Y.; Risch, Angela; Rosenberger, Albert; Scherf, David; Steer, Sophia; Walshaw, Martin; Waters, Kevin M.; Wilson, Anthony G.; Wordsworth, Paul; Zienolddiny, Shanbeh; Tchetgen, Eric Tchetgen; Haiman, Christopher; Hunter, David J.; Plenge, Robert M.; Worthington, Jane; Christiani, David C.; Schaumberg, Debra Ann; Chasman, Daniel Ian; Altshuler, David Matthew; Voight, Benjamin; Kraft, Peter Elias; Patterson, Nick; Price, Alkes (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Genetic case-control association studies often include data on clinical covariates, such as body mass index (BMI), smoking status, or age, that may modify the underlying genetic risk of case or control samples. For example, ...

    • Interaction between Obesity and the NFKB1 - 94ins/delATTG Promoter Polymorphism in Relation to Incident Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Follow Up Study in Three Independent Cohorts 

      Stegger, Jakob Gerhard; Schmidt, Erik Berg; Berentzen, Tina Landsvig; Tjønneland, Anne; Vogel, Ulla; Rimm, Eric B.; Sørensen, Thorkild I. A.; Overvad, Kim; Jensen, Majken Karoline (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Introduction: The NF-κB transcription factor family regulates several genes encoding pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory proteins in adipose tissues and in atherosclerotic plaques. The deletion variant allele of the ...