Browsing Harvard Medical School by Keyword "autism"
Now showing items 1-17 of 17
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Abnormal lateralization of functional connectivity between language and default mode regions in autism
(BioMed Central, 2014)Background: Lateralization of brain structure and function occurs in typical development, and abnormal lateralization is present in various neuropsychiatric disorders. Autism is characterized by a lack of left lateralization ... -
Autistic Children Exhibit Decreased Levels of Essential Fatty Acids in Red Blood Cells
(MDPI, 2015)Omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential nutrients for brain development and function. However, whether or not the levels of these fatty acids are altered in individuals with autism ... -
Brief Report: Question-Asking and Collateral Language Acquisition in Children with Autism
(Springer Verlag, 2010)The literature suggests children with autism use communication primarily for requests and protests, and almost never for information-seeking. This study investigated whether teaching “Where” questions using intrinsic ... -
CNTNAP2 polymorphisms and structural brain connectivity: A diffusion-tensor imaging study
(Elsevier BV, 2013)CNTNAP2 is a gene on chromosome 7 that has shown associations with autism andschizophrenia, and there is evidence that it plays an important role for neuronal synchronization and brain connectivity. In this study, we ... -
Emotional contagion for pain is intact in autism spectrum disorders
(Nature Publishing Group, 2014)Perceiving others in pain generally leads to empathic concern, consisting of both emotional and cognitive processes. Empathy deficits have been considered as an element contributing to social difficulties in individuals ... -
Functional connectivity in the first year of life in infants at-risk for autism: a preliminary near-infrared spectroscopy study
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2013)Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been called a “developmental disconnection syndrome,” however the majority of the research examining connectivity in ASD has been conducted exclusively with older children and ... -
Genetic research in autism spectrum disorders
(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2015)Purpose of review The recent explosion of genetic findings in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research has improved knowledge of the disorder's underlying biology and etiologic architecture. This review introduces concepts ... -
Language and Traits of Autism Spectrum Conditions: Evidence of Limited Phenotypic and Etiological Overlap
(2015)Language difficulties have historically been viewed as integral to autism spectrum conditions (ASC), leading molecular genetic studies to consider whether ASC and language difficulties have overlapping genetic bases. The ... -
Multisite functional connectivity MRI classification of autism: ABIDE results
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2013)Background:: Systematic differences in functional connectivity MRI metrics have been consistently observed in autism, with predominantly decreased cortico-cortical connectivity. Previous attempts at single subject ... -
Negative Allosteric Modulation of mGluR5 Partially Corrects Pathophysiology in a Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome
(Society for Neuroscience, 2016)Rett syndrome (RTT) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2), an epigenetic regulator of mRNA transcription. Here, we report a test of the hypothesis of shared pathophysiology of RTT ... -
Neural Processing of Facial Identity and Emotion in Infants at High-Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders
(Frontiers Media SA, 2013)Deficits in face processing and social impairment are core characteristics of autism spectrum disorder. The present work examined 7-month-old infants at high-risk for developing autism and typically developing controls at ... -
Optogenetic insights on the relationship between anxiety-related behaviors and social deficits
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2014)Many psychiatric illnesses are characterized by deficits in the social domain. For example, there is a high rate of co-morbidity between autism spectrum disorders and anxiety disorders. However, the common neural circuit ... -
Perinatal Air Pollutant Exposures and Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Children of Nurses’ Health Study II Participants
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2013)Objective: Air pollution contains many toxicants known to affect neurological function and to have effects on the fetus in utero. Recent studies have reported associations between perinatal exposure to air pollutants and ... -
A Randomised Controlled Trial of Bumetanide in the Treatment of Autism in Children
(Nature Publishing Group, 2012)Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated synapses and the oscillations they orchestrate are altered in autism. GABA-acting benzodiazepines exert in some patients with autism paradoxical effects, raising the possibility that ... -
Regulatory domain or CpG site variation in SLC12A5, encoding the chloride transporter KCC2, in human autism and schizophrenia
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2015)Many encoded gene products responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) like autism spectrum disorders (ASD), schizophrenia (SCZ), intellectual disability (ID), and idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) converge on ... -
Response Monitoring, Repetitive Behaviour and Anterior Cingulate Abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
(Oxford University Press, 2008)Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by inflexible and repetitive behaviour. Response monitoring involves evaluating the consequences of behaviour and making adjustments to optimize outcomes. Deficiencies in ... -
Resting state fMRI reveals a default mode dissociation between retrosplenial and medial prefrontal subnetworks in ASD despite motion scrubbing
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2013)In resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) decreased frontal-posterior functional connectivity is a persistent finding. However, the picture of the default ...