Browsing Harvard Medical School by Keyword "autophagy"
Now showing items 1-20 of 21
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Autophagy Activation by Transcription Factor EB (TFEB) in Striatum of HDQ175/Q7 Mice
(IOS Press, 2016)Background: Mutant huntingtin (mHTT) is encoded by the Huntington’s disease (HD) gene and its accumulation in the brain contributes to HD pathogenesis. Reducing mHTT levels through activation of the autophagosome-lysosomal ... -
Autophagy in Lysosomal Storage Disorders
(Landes Bioscience, 2012)Lysosomes are ubiquitous intracellular organelles that have an acidic internal pH, and play crucial roles in cellular clearance. Numerous functions depend on normal lysosomes, including the turnover of cellular constituents, ... -
Autophagy in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Mechanism to Therapeutic Approach
(Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology, 2015)Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent intracellular degradation process that allows recycling of cytoplasmic constituents into bioenergetic and biosynthetic materials for maintenance of homeostasis. Since the function of ... -
Cell Death Pathways in Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer
(Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI), 2011)Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging cancer therapy that uses the combination of non-toxic dyes or photosensitizers (PS) and harmless visible light to produce reactive oxygen species and destroy tumors. The PS can be ... -
Effects of metformin on retinoblastoma growth in vitro and in vivo
(D.A. Spandidos, 2014)Recent studies suggest that the anti-diabetic drug metformin may reduce the risk of cancer and have anti-proliferative effects for some but not all cancers. In this study, we examined the effects of metformin on human ... -
Expression of the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein induces an autophagy-related process and sensitizes normal human keratinocytes to cell death in response to growth factor deprivation
(Elsevier BV, 2009)Expression of oncogenes, such as the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E7 oncoprotein, promotes aberrant cell proliferation. In the absence of concurrent mitogenic stimuli, this triggers a cell-intrinsic defense mechanism, ... -
Ferritinophagy via NCOA4 is required for erythropoiesis and is regulated by iron dependent HERC2-mediated proteolysis
(eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2015)NCOA4 is a selective cargo receptor for the autophagic turnover of ferritin, a process critical for regulation of intracellular iron bioavailability. However, how ferritinophagy flux is controlled and the roles of NCOA4 ... -
Functional CRISPR screening identifies the ufmylation pathway as a regulator of SQSTM1/p62
(eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2016)SQSTM1 is an adaptor protein that integrates multiple cellular signaling pathways and whose expression is tightly regulated at the transcriptional and post-translational level. Here, we describe a forward genetic screening ... -
G-protein-coupled receptors regulate autophagy by ZBTB16-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of Atg14L
(eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2015)Autophagy is an important intracellular catabolic mechanism involved in the removal of misfolded proteins. Atg14L, the mammalian ortholog of Atg14 in yeast and a critical regulator of autophagy, mediates the production ... -
Histone deacetylase inhibitors induce apoptosis in myeloid leukemia by suppressing autophagy
(2014)Histone deacetylase (HDAC)-inhibitors (HDACis) are well characterized anti-cancer agents with promising results in clinical trials. However, mechanistically little is known regarding their selectivity in killing malignant ... -
Live imaging and single-cell analysis reveal differential dynamics of autophagy and apoptosis
(Landes Bioscience, 2013)Autophagy is induced by many cytotoxic stimuli but it is often unclear whether, under specific conditions, autophagy plays a prosurvival or a prodeath role. To answer this critical question we developed a novel methodology ... -
Loss of ULK1 increases RPS6KB1-NCOR1 repression of NR1H/LXR-mediated Scd1 transcription and augments lipotoxicity in hepatic cells
(Taylor & Francis, 2017)ABSTRACT Lipotoxicity caused by saturated fatty acids (SFAs) induces tissue damage and inflammation in metabolic disorders. SCD1 (stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1) converts SFAs to mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) that ... -
Lysosomal dysfunction and impaired autophagy underlie the pathogenesis of amyloidogenic light chain-mediated cardiotoxicity
(BlackWell Publishing Ltd, 2014)AL amyloidosis is the consequence of clonal production of amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chain (LC) proteins, often resulting in a rapidly progressive and fatal amyloid cardiomyopathy. Recent work has found that ... -
MicroRNAs in apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis
(Impact Journals LLC, 2015)MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous 22 nt non-coding RNAs that target mRNAs for cleavage or translational repression. Numerous miRNAs regulate programmed cell death including apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis. We summarize ... -
Modulation of Autophagy-Like Processes by Tumor Viruses
(MDPI, 2012)Autophagy is an intracellular degradation pathway for long-lived proteins and organelles. This process is activated above basal levels upon cell intrinsic or environmental stress and dysregulation of autophagy has been ... -
A phase I/II trial of hydroxychloroquine in conjunction with radiation therapy and concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme
(Landes Bioscience, 2014)Preclinical studies indicate autophagy inhibition with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) can augment the efficacy of DNA-damaging therapy. The primary objective of this trial was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and ... -
Rapamycin prevents the mutant huntingtin-suppressed GLT-1 expression in cultured astrocytes
(Nature Publishing Group, 2012)Aim: To investigate the effects of rapamycin on glutamate uptake in cultured rat astrocytes expressing N-terminal 552 residues of mutant huntingtin (Htt-552). Methods: Methods: Primary astrocyte cultures were prepared from ... -
Receptor interacting protein kinase 2-mediated mitophagy regulates inflammasome activation during virus infection
(2013)NOD2 receptor and the cytosolic protein kinase RIPK2 regulate NF-κB and MAP kinase signaling during bacterial infections, but the role of this immune axis during viral infections has not been addressed. We demonstrate that ... -
The regulation of N-terminal Huntingtin (Htt552) accumulation by Beclin1
(Nature Publishing Group, 2012)Aim: Huntingtin protein (Htt) was a neuropathological hallmark in human Huntington's Disease. The study aimed to investigate whether the macroautophagy regulator, Beclin1, was involved in the degradation of Htt. Methods: ... -
The small heat shock protein B8 (HSPB8) confers resistance to bortezomib by promoting autophagic removal of misfolded proteins in multiple myeloma cells
(Impact Journals LLC, 2014)Velcade is one of the inescapable drug to treat patient suffering from multiple myeloma (MM) and resistance to this drug represents a major drawback for patients. However, the mechanisms underlying velcade resistance remain ...