Browsing Harvard Medical School by Keyword "biology"

Now showing items 1-20 of 133

    • 3D Traction Forces in Cancer Cell Invasion 

      Koch, Thorsten M.; Münster, Stefan; Bonakdar, Navid; Butler, James Preston; Fabry, Ben (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Cell invasion through a dense three-dimensional (3D) matrix is believed to depend on the ability of cells to generate traction forces. To quantify the role of cell tractions during invasion in 3D, we present a technique ...

    • Aberrant Expression of Functional BAFF-System Receptors by Malignant B-Cell Precursors Impacts Leukemia Cell Survival 

      Maia, Sara; Pelletier, Marc; Ding, Jixin; Hsu, Yen-Ming; Sallan, Stephen Earl; Rao, Sambasiva P.; Nadler, Lee Marshall; Cardoso, Angelo A. (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      Despite exhibiting oncogenic events, patient's leukemia cells are responsive and dependent on signals from their malignant bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, which modulate their survival, cell cycle progression, trafficking ...

    • African Ancestry and Its Correlation to Type 2 Diabetes in African Americans: A Genetic Admixture Analysis in Three U.S. Population Cohorts 

      Cheng, Ching-Yu; Haiman, Christopher A.; Patterson, Nick; Elizabeth, Selvin; Akylbekova, Ermeg L.; Brancati, Frederick L.; Coresh, Josef; Boerwinkle, Eric; Taylor, Herman A.; Henderson, Brian E.; Wilson, James G.; Reich, David Emil; Tandon, Arti; Altshuler, David Matthew; Kao, W. H. Linda (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      The risk of type 2 diabetes is approximately 2-fold higher in African Americans than in European Americans even after adjusting for known environmental risk factors, including socioeconomic status (SES), suggesting that ...

    • Amerind Ancestry, Socioeconomic Status and the Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes in a Colombian Population 

      Campbell, Desmond D.; Parra, Maria V.; Duque, Constanza; Gallego, Natalia; Franco, Liliana; Hünemeier, Tábita; Bortolini, Cátira; Villegas, Alberto; Bedoya, Gabriel; McCarthy, Mark I.; Ruiz-Linares, Andrés; Tandon, Arti; Price, Alkes; Reich, David Emil (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      The “thrifty genotype” hypothesis proposes that the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Native Americans and admixed Latin Americans has a genetic basis and reflects an evolutionary adaptation to a past low ...

    • Amplification of the Angiogenic Signal through the Activation of the TSC/mTOR/HIF Axis by the KSHV vGPCR in Kaposi's Sarcoma 

      Jham, Bruno C.; Ma, Tao; Hu, Jiadi; Chaisuparat, Risa; Friedman, Eitan R.; Pandolfi, Pier Paolo; Schneider, Abraham; Sodhi, Akrit; Montaner, Silvia (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      Background: Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a vascular neoplasm characterized by the dysregulated expression of angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines. The driving force of the KS lesion, the KSHV-infected spindle cell, secretes ...

    • Amplitude Reduction and Phase Shifts of Melatonin, Cortisol and Other Circadian Rhythms after a Gradual Advance of Sleep and Light Exposure in Humans 

      Dijk, Derk-Jan; Duffy, Jeanne Frances; Silva, Edward J.; Shanahan, Theresa L.; Boivin, Diane B.; Czeisler, Charles Andrew (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Background: The phase and amplitude of rhythms in physiology and behavior are generated by circadian oscillators and entrained to the 24-h day by exposure to the light-dark cycle and feedback from the sleep-wake cycle. The ...

    • Analysis Method and Experimental Conditions Affect Computed Circadian Phase from Melatonin Data 

      Klerman, Hadassa; St. Hilaire, Melissa A.; Gronfier, Claude; Santhi, Nayantara; Kronauer, Richard E.; Gooley, Joshua James; Hull, Joseph Thomas; Lockley, Steven Ward; Wang, Wei; Klerman, Elizabeth Beryl (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Accurate determination of circadian phase is necessary for research and clinical purposes because of the influence of the master circadian pacemaker on multiple physiologic functions. Melatonin is presently the most accurate ...

    • Angiogenic mRNA and microRNA Gene Expression Signature Predicts a Novel Subtype of Serous Ovarian Cancer 

      Risch, Thomas; Fan, Jian-Bing; Holton, Kristina; Rubio, Renee; April, Craig; Wickham-Garcia, Eliza; Bentink, Stefan; Haibe-Kains, Benjamin; Hirsch, Michelle S.; Chen, Jing; Liu, Joyce; Culhane, Aedin; Drapkin, Ronny I.; Quackenbush, John; Matulonis, Ursula Anne (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death for women in the U.S. and the seventh most fatal worldwide. Although ovarian cancer is notable for its initial sensitivity to platinum-based therapies, the vast ...

    • ARF1 and GBF1 Generate a PI4P-Enriched Environment Supportive of Hepatitis C Virus Replication 

      Zhang, Leiliang; Hong, Zhi; Lin, Wenyu; Shao, Run-Xuan; Goto, Kaku; Hsu, Victor Wee; Chung, Raymond Taeyong (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Cellular levels of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) have been shown to be upregulated during RNA replication of several viruses, including the HCV replicon model. However, whether PI4P is required in an infectious ...

    • Attenuation of Notch and Hedgehog Signaling Is Required for Fate Specification in the Spinal Cord 

      Huang, Peng; Xiong, Fengzhu; Megason, Sean; Schier, Alexander F (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      During the development of the spinal cord, proliferative neural progenitors differentiate into postmitotic neurons with distinct fates. How cells switch from progenitor states to differentiated fates is poorly understood. ...

    • Blood Banking in Living Droplets 

      Samot, Josh; Moon, Sangjun; Shao, Lei; Zhang, Xiaohui; Xu, Feng; Song, YoungSeok; Keles, Hasan Onur; Matloff, Laura; Markel, Jordan; Demirci, Utkan (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      Blood banking has a broad public health impact influencing millions of lives daily. It could potentially benefit from emerging biopreservation technologies. However, although vitrification has shown advantages over traditional ...

    • canEvolve: A Web Portal for Integrative Oncogenomics 

      Samur, Mehmet Kemal; Yan, Zhenyu; Wang, Xujun; Cao, Qingyi; Munshi, Nikhil C.; Li, Cheng; Shah, Parantu K. (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Background & objective: Genome-wide profiles of tumors obtained using functional genomics platforms are being deposited to the public repositories at an astronomical scale, as a result of focused efforts by individual ...

    • Causal Relationship Between Obesity and Vitamin D Status: Bi-Directional Mendelian Randomization Analysis of Multiple Cohorts 

      Vimaleswaran, Karani S.; Berry, Diane J.; Lu, Chen; Tikkanen, Emmi; Pilz, Stefan; Hiraki, Linda T; Cooper, Jason D.; Dastani, Zari; Li, Rui; Houston, Denise K.; Wood, Andrew R.; Michaëlsson, Karl; Vandenput, Liesbeth; Zgaga, Lina; Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M.; McCarthy, Mark I.; Dupuis, Josée; Kaakinen, Marika; Kleber, Marcus E.; Jameson, Karen; Arden, Nigel; Raitakari, Olli; Viikari, Jorma; Lohman, Kurt K.; Ferrucci, Luigi; Melhus, Håkan; Ingelsson, Erik; Byberg, Liisa; Lind, Lars; Lorentzon, Mattias; Salomaa, Veikko; Campbell, Harry; Dunlop, Malcolm; Mitchell, Braxton D.; Herzig, Karl-Heinz; Pouta, Anneli; Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa; Streeten, Elizabeth A.; Theodoratou, Evropi; Jula, Antti; Wareham, Nicholas J.; Ohlsson, Claes; Frayling, Timothy M.; Kritchevsky, Stephen B.; Spector, Timothy D.; Richards, J. Brent; Lehtimäki, Terho; Ouwehand, Willem H.; Kraft, Peter; Cooper, Cyrus; März, Winfried; Power, Chris; Loos, Ruth J. F.; Wang, Thomas Jue-Fuu; Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta; Whittaker, John C.; Hingorani, Aroon D.; Hyppönen, Elina; Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) consortium (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Background: Obesity is associated with vitamin D deficiency, and both are areas of active public health concern. We explored the causality and direction of the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and 25-hydroxyvitamin ...

    • CEACAM6 Gene Variants in Inflammatory Bowel Disease 

      Seiderer, Julia; Fries, Christoph; Tillack, Cornelia; Pfennig, Simone; Weidinger, Maria; Beigel, Florian; Lass, Ulrich; Wolf, Christiane; Lohse, Peter; Diegelmann, Julia; Czamara, Darina; Brand, Stephan; Glas, Jürgen; Göke, Burkhard; Ochsenkühn, Thomas; Müller-Myhsok, Bertram; Olszak, Torsten (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      Background: The carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) acts as a receptor for adherentinvasive E. coli (AIEC) and its ileal expression is increased in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). Given ...

    • Characteristics and Outcomes of Initial Virologic Suppressors during Analytic Treatment Interruption in a Therapeutic HIV-1 \(gag\) Vaccine Trial 

      Brumme, Chanson J.; Lederman, Michael M.; Brumme, Zabrina L.; Wang, Hongying; Carrington, Mary; Medvik, Kathleen; Schooley, Robert T.; Li, Jonathan Zheng; Spritzle, John; Walker, Bruce David; Kuritzkes, Daniel Robert (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Background: In the placebo-controlled trial ACTG A5197, a trend favoring viral suppression was seen in the HIV-1-infected subjects who received a recombinant Ad5 HIV-1 \(gag\) vaccine. Objective: To identify individuals ...

    • Cholinergic Interneurons Mediate Fast VGluT3-Dependent Glutamatergic Transmission in the Striatum 

      Higley, Michael J.; Gittis, Aryn H.; Oldenburg, Ian Anton; Balthasar, Nina; Seal, Rebecca P.; Edwards, Robert H.; Lowell, Bradford Barr; Kreitzer, Anatol C.; Sabatini, Bernardo Luis (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      The neurotransmitter glutamate is released by excitatory projection neurons throughout the brain. However, non-glutamatergic cells, including cholinergic and monoaminergic neurons, express markers that suggest that they ...

    • The Chromosomal Passenger Complex Activates Polo Kinase at Centromeres 

      Carmena, Mar; Pinson, Xavier; Platani, Melpi; Salloum, Zeina; Xu, Zhenjie; MacIsaac, Fiona; Ogawa, Hiromi; Glover, David M.; Archambault, Vincent; Earnshaw, William C.; Clark, Anthony; Eggert, Ulrike (Riki) Sophie (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      The coordinated activities at centromeres of two key cell cycle kinases, Polo and Aurora B, are critical for ensuring that the two sister kinetochores of each chromosome are attached to microtubules from opposite spindle ...

    • CIP2A Promotes Proliferation of Spermatogonial Progenitor Cells and Spermatogenesis in Mice 

      Ventelä, Sami; Côme, Christophe; Mäkelä, Juho-Antti; Hobbs, Robin M.; Mannermaa, Leni; Kallajoki, Markku; Chan, Edward K.; Pandolfi, Pier Paolo; Toppari, Jorma; Westermarck, Jukka (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a critical regulator of protein serine/threonine phosphorylation. However, the physiological and developmental roles of different PP2A complexes are very poorly understood. Here, we show ...

    • Class II MHC Self-Antigen Presentation in Human B and T Lymphocytes 

      Costantino, Cristina Maria; Spooner, Eric; Ploegh, Hidde L.; Hafler, David A. (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Human CD4\(^+\) T cells process and present functional class II MHC-peptide complexes, but the endogenous peptide repertoire of these non-classical antigen presenting cells remains unknown. We eluted and sequenced HLA-DR-bound ...

    • Clustering Heart Rate Dynamics Is Associated with β-Adrenergic Receptor Polymorphisms: Analysis by Information-Based Similarity Index 

      Yang, Albert C.; Tsai, Shih-Jen; Hong, Chen-Jee; Wang, Cynthia; Chen, Tai-Jui; Liou, Ying-Jay; Gaetano, Carlo; Peng, Chung-Kang (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      Background: Genetic polymorphisms in the gene encoding the β-adrenergic receptors (β -AR) have a pivotal role in the functions of the autonomic nervous system. Using heart rate variability (HRV) as an indicator of autonomic ...