Browsing HMS Scholarly Articles by Title

Now showing items 5938-5957 of 17922

    • Excessive Extracellular Volume Reveals a Neurodegenerative Pattern in Schizophrenia Onset 

      Pasternak, Ofer; Westin, Carl-Fredrik; Bouix, Sylvain; Seidman, Larry Joel; Goldstein, Jill M.; Woo, Tsung-Ung Wilson; Petryshen, Tracey Lynn; Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle; McCarley, Robert William; Kikinis, Ron; Shenton, Martha Elizabeth; Kubicki, Marek R. (Society for Neuroscience, 2012)
      Diffusion MRI has been successful in identifying the existence of white matter abnormalities in schizophrenia in vivo. However, the role of these abnormalities in the etiology of schizophrenia is not well understood. ...

    • Exchange of DNA polymerases at the replication fork of bacteriophage T7 

      Johnson, Donald; Takahashi, Masateru; Hamdan, Samir; Lee, Seung-Joo; Richardson, Charles (National Academy of Sciences, 2007)
      T7 gene 5 DNA polymerase (gp5) and its processivity factor, Escherichia coli thioredoxin, together with the T7 gene 4 DNA helicase, catalyze strand displacement synthesis on duplex DNA processively (> 17,000 nucleotides ...

    • Excitatory Neurotransmitters in Brain Regions in Interictal Migraine Patients 

      Prescot, Andrew; Becerra, Lino Renan; Pendse, Gautam; Tully, Shannon; Jensen, Eric; Hargreaves, Richard; Renshaw, Perry Franklin; Burstein, Rami; Borsook, David (BioMed Central, 2009)
      Objective: To examine biochemical differences in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula during the interictal phase of migraine patients. We hypothesized that there may be differences in levels of excitatory amino ...

    • Excitatory transmission onto AgRP neurons is regulated by cJun NH2-terminal kinase 3 in response to metabolic stress 

      Vernia, Santiago; Morel, Caroline; Madara, Joseph C; Cavanagh-Kyros, Julie; Barrett, Tamera; Chase, Kathryn; Kennedy, Norman J; Jung, Dae Young; Kim, Jason K; Aronin, Neil; Flavell, Richard A; Lowell, Bradford B; Davis, Roger J (eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2016)
      The cJun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway is implicated in the response to metabolic stress. Indeed, it is established that the ubiquitously expressed JNK1 and JNK2 isoforms regulate energy expenditure and insulin ...

    • Exclusion of Elderly People from Randomized Clinical Trials of Drugs for Ischemic Heart Disease 

      Bourgeois, Florence Tanya; Orenstein, Liat; Ballakur, Sarita; Mandl, Kenneth David; Ioannidis, John (Wiley-Blackwell, 2017)
      Objectives To measure exclusion of elderly adults from randomized trials studying drug interventions for ischemic heart disease (IHD) and describe the characteristics of these trials. Design Cross-sectional ...

    • Exclusion of Polymorphisms in Carnosinase Genes (CNDP1 and CNDP2) as a Cause of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes 

      Wanic, Krzysztof; Placha, Grzegorz; Dunn, Jonathon; Smiles, Adam; Warram, James H.; Krolewski, Andrzej Stefan (American Diabetes Association, 2008)
      Objectives: Recently, an association was found between diabetic nephropathy and the D18S880 microsatellite, located in the carnosinase gene (CNDP1) on chromosome 18q. Alleles of this microsatellite encode for a variable ...

    • Exclusive Breastfeeding and Developmental and Behavioral Status in Early Childhood 

      Jonsdottir, Olof H.; Thorsdottir, Inga; Gunnlaugsson, Geir; Fewtrell, Mary S.; Hibberd, Patricia L.; Kleinman, Ronald E. (MDPI, 2013)
      Breastfeeding during infancy may have beneficial effects on various developmental outcomes in childhood. In this study, exclusively breastfed infants were randomly assigned to receive complementary foods from the age of 4 ...

    • Executive Function and Falls in Older Adults: New Findings from a Five-Year Prospective Study Link Fall Risk to Cognition 

      Mirelman, Anat; Herman, Talia Nunes; Brozgol, Marina; Dorfman, Moran; Sprecher, Elliot; Schweiger, Avraham; Giladi, Nir; Hausdorff, Jeffrey M. (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Background: Recent findings suggest that executive function (EF) plays a critical role in the regulation of gait in older adults, especially under complex and challenging conditions, and that EF deficits may, therefore, ...

    • Executive Function, Visual Attention and the Cocktail Party Problem in Musicians and Non-Musicians 

      Clayton, Kameron K.; Swaminathan, Jayaganesh; Yazdanbakhsh, Arash; Zuk, Jennifer; Patel, Aniruddh D.; Kidd, Gerald (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      The goal of this study was to investigate how cognitive factors influence performance in a multi-talker, “cocktail-party” like environment in musicians and non-musicians. This was achieved by relating performance in a ...

    • Exercise Alleviates Lipid-Induced Insulin Resistance in Human Skeletal Muscle–Signaling Interaction at the Level of TBC1 Domain Family Member 4 

      Pehmøller, Christian; Brandt, Nina; Birk, Jesper B.; Høeg, Louise D.; Sjøberg, Kim A.; Goodyear, Laurie J.; Kiens, Bente; Richter, Erik A.; Wojtaszewski, Jørgen F.P. (American Diabetes Association, 2012)
      Excess lipid availability causes insulin resistance. We examined the effect of acute exercise on lipid-induced insulin resistance and TBC1 domain family member 1/4 (TBCD1/4)-related signaling in skeletal muscle. In eight ...

    • Exercise capacity as an independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes among nondiabetic and diabetic patients 

      Pierre-Louis, Bredy; Guddati, Achuta K.; Khyzar Hayat Syed, Muhammed; Gorospe, Vanessa E.; Manguerra, Mark; Bagchi, Chaitali; Aronow, Wilbert S.; Ahn, Chul (Termedia Publishing House, 2014)
      Introduction: To investigate if decreased exercise capacity is an independent risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in diabetics and nondiabetics. Material and methods The association of decreased ...

    • Exercise Is Associated with a Reduced Incidence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing 

      Awad, Karim M.; Malhotra, Atul; Barnet, Jodi H.; Quan, Stuart; Peppard, Paul E. (Elsevier BV, 2012-05)
      Background The effect of exercise on sleep-disordered breathing is unknown. While diet and weight loss have been shown to reduce the severity of sleep-disordered breathing, it is unclear whether exercise has an independent ...

    • Exhaled Breath Condensate Eicosanoid Levels Associate With Asthma and Its Severity 

      Kazani, Shamsah; Planaguma, Anna; Ono, Emiko; Bonini, Matteo; Zahid, Muhammad; Marigowda, Gautham; Wechsler, Michael; Levy, Bruce; Israel, Elliot (Elsevier BV, 2013-09)
      Background The relationship between anti-inflammatory lipoxins and pro-inflammatory leukotrienes may be important in the pathobiology of asthma and its severity. Objective To investigate whether exhaled breath condensate ...

    • Exhaled Nitric Oxide as a Diagnostic Test for Asthma: Online Versus Offline Techniques and Effect of Flow Rate 

      Deykin, A; Massaro, AF; Drazen, JM; Israel, Elliot; Massaro, AF (American Thoracic Society, 2002-03-19)
      Measurement of the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has been proposed as a noninvasive assessment of asthmatic airway inflammation. The influence of the expiratory flow rate during the collection maneuver on the ...

    • Exhausting treadmill running causes dephosphorylation of sMLC2 and reduced level of myofilament MLCK2 in slow twitch rat soleus muscle 

      Hortemo, Kristin Halvorsen; Aronsen, Jan Magnus; Lunde, Ida G; Sjaastad, Ivar; Lunde, Per Kristian; Sejersted, Ole M (BlackWell Publishing Ltd, 2015)
      Myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) is a small protein in the myosin complex, regulating muscle contractile function by modulating Ca2+ sensitivity of myofilaments. MLC2 can be modified by phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation, two ...

    • Exogenous IFN-γ Ex Vivo Shapes the Alloreactive T-Cell Repertoire by Inhibition of Th17 Responses and Generation of Functional Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells 

      Feng, Gang; Gao, Wenda; Strom, Terry Barton; Oukka, Mohamed; Francis, Ross S; Wood, Kathryn J; Bushell, Andrew (WILEY-VCH Verlag, 2008)
      Interferon (IFN)-γ was originally characterized as a pro-inflammatory cytokine with T helper type 1-inducing activity, but subsequent work has demonstrated that mice deficient in IFN-γ or IFN-γ receptor show exacerbated ...

    • Exome and whole genome sequencing of esophageal adenocarcinoma identifies recurrent driver events and mutational complexity 

      Dulak, Austin M.; Stojanov, Petar; Peng, Shouyong; Lawrence, Michael S.; Fox, Cameron; Stewart, Chip; Bandla, Santhoshi; Imamura, Yu; Schumacher, Steven E.; Shefler, Erica; McKenna, Aaron; Cibulskis, Kristian; Sivachenko, Andrey; Carter, Scott L.; Saksena, Gordon; Voet, Douglas; Ramos, Alex H.; Auclair, Daniel; Thompson, Kristin; Sougnez, Carrie; Onofrio, Robert C.; Guiducci, Candace; Beroukhim, Rameen; Zhou, David; Lin, Lin; Lin, Jules; Reddy, Rishindra; Chang, Andrew; Luketich, James D.; Pennathur, Arjun; Ogino, Shuji; Golub, Todd R.; Gabriel, Stacey B.; Lander, Eric S.; Beer, David G.; Godfrey, Tony E.; Getz, Gad; Bass, Adam J. (2013)
      The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has risen 600% over the last 30 years. With a five-year survival rate of 15%, identification of new therapeutic targets for EAC is greatly important. We analyze the mutation ...

    • An exome array study of the plasma metabolome 

      Rhee, Eugene P.; Yang, Qiong; Yu, Bing; Liu, Xuan; Cheng, Susan; Deik, Amy; Pierce, Kerry A.; Bullock, Kevin; Ho, Jennifer E.; Levy, Daniel; Florez, Jose C.; Kathiresan, Sek; Larson, Martin G.; Vasan, Ramachandran S.; Clish, Clary B.; Wang, Thomas J.; Boerwinkle, Eric; O'Donnell, Christopher J.; Gerszten, Robert E. (Nature Publishing Group, 2016)
      The study of rare variants may enhance our understanding of the genetic determinants of the metabolome. Here, we analyze the association between 217 plasma metabolites and exome variants on the Illumina HumanExome Beadchip ...

    • Exome arrays capture polygenic rare variant contributions to schizophrenia 

      Richards, A. L.; Leonenko, G.; Walters, J. T.; Kavanagh, D. H.; Rees, E. G.; Evans, A.; Chambert, K. D.; Moran, J. L.; Goldstein, J.; Neale, B. M.; McCarroll, S. A.; Pocklington, A. J.; Holmans, P. A.; Owen, M. J.; O'Donovan, M. C. (Oxford University Press, 2016)
      Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder. Genome-wide association studies based largely on common alleles have identified over 100 schizophrenia risk loci, but it is also evident from studies of copy number variants ...

    • Exome Sequencing and Complex Disease: Practical Aspects of Rare Variant Association Studies 

      Do, Ron; Kathiresan, Sekar; Abecasis, Gonçalo R. (Oxford University Press, 2012)
      Genetic association and linkage studies can provide insights into complex disease biology, guiding the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Over the past decade, genetic association studies have largely ...