Browsing HMS Scholarly Articles by Title
Now showing items 712-731 of 17922
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Amplification of Chromosomal Segment 4q12 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
(Informa UK Limited, 2009-11-01)In cancer, proto-oncogenes are often altered by genomic amplification. Here we report recurrent focal amplifications of chromosomal segment 4q12 overlapping the proto-oncogenes PDGFRA and KIT in non-small cell lung cancer ... -
Amplification of the Angiogenic Signal through the Activation of the TSC/mTOR/HIF Axis by the KSHV vGPCR in Kaposi's Sarcoma
(Public Library of Science, 2011)Background: Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a vascular neoplasm characterized by the dysregulated expression of angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines. The driving force of the KS lesion, the KSHV-infected spindle cell, secretes ... -
The Amplifier Effect: How Pin1 Empowers Mutant p53
(BioMed Central, 2011)Mutation of p53 occurs in 15 to 20% of all breast cancers, and with higher frequency in estrogen-receptor negative and high-grade tumors. Certain p53 mutations contribute to malignant transformation not only through loss ... -
Amplitude Reduction and Phase Shifts of Melatonin, Cortisol and Other Circadian Rhythms after a Gradual Advance of Sleep and Light Exposure in Humans
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Background: The phase and amplitude of rhythms in physiology and behavior are generated by circadian oscillators and entrained to the 24-h day by exposure to the light-dark cycle and feedback from the sleep-wake cycle. The ... -
Amygdala and Fusiform Gyrus Temporal Dynamics: Responses to Negative Facial Expressions
(BioMed Central, 2008)Background: The amygdala habituates in response to repeated human facial expressions; however, it is unclear whether this brain region habituates to schematic faces (i.e., simple line drawings or caricatures of faces). ... -
Amygdala Perfusion Is Predicted by Its Functional Connectivity with the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex and Negative Affect
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Background: Previous studies have shown that the activity of the amygdala is elevated in people experiencing clinical and subclinical levels of anxiety and depression (negative affect). It has been proposed that a reduction ... -
Amygdala-enriched genes identified by microarray technology are restricted to specific amygdaloid subnuclei
(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2001)Microarray technology represents a potentially powerful method for identifying cell type- and regionally restricted genes expressed in the brain. Here we have combined a microarray analysis of differential gene expression ... -
Amygdala–hippocampal shape differences in schizophrenia: the application of 3D shape models to volumetric MR data
(Elsevier BV, 2002)Evidence suggests that some structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia are neurodevelopmental in origin. There is also growing evidence to suggest that shape deformations in brain structure may reflect abnormalities ... -
Amyloid accelerates tau propagation and toxicity in a model of early Alzheimer’s disease
(BioMed Central, 2015)Introduction: In early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are largely restricted to the entorhinal cortex and medial temporal lobe. At later stages, when clinical symptoms generally occur, ... -
The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease at 25 years
(John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2016)Abstract Despite continuing debate about the amyloid β‐protein (or Aβ hypothesis, new lines of evidence from laboratories and clinics worldwide support the concept that an imbalance between production and clearance of Aβ42 ... -
The amyloid-beta forming tripeptide cleavage mechanism of γ-secretase
(eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2016)γ-secretase is responsible for the proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP) into short, aggregation-prone amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides, which are centrally implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). ... -
Amyloid-β nanotubes are associated with prion protein-dependent synaptotoxicity
(Nature Pub. Group, 2013)Growing evidence suggests water-soluble, non-fibrillar forms of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) have important roles in Alzheimer’s disease with toxicities mimicked by synthetic Aβ1–42. However, no defined toxic structures acting ... -
Amyloid-β Protein Protects Against Microbial Infection In Transgenic C. elegans and 5XFAD Mice
(American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2016)The amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is a key protein in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. We previously reported in vitro evidence suggesting Aβ is an antimicrobial peptide. Here we provide the first in vivo evidence showing high ... -
An antiviral role for the RNA interference machinery in Caenorhabditis elegans
(National Academy of Sciences, 2005)RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence-specific gene-silencing mechanism triggered by exogenous dsRNA. In plants an RNAi-like mechanism defends against viruses, but the hypothesis that animals possess a similar natural ... -
An Apgar Score for Surgery
(2007)BACKGROUND: Surgical teams have not had a routine, reliable measure of patient condition at the end of an operation. We aimed to develop an Apgar score for the field of surgery, an outcomes score that teams could calculate ... -
An autoregulatory loop controls peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α expression in muscle
(National Academy of Sciences, 2003) -
An Escherichia coli O157-Specific Engineered Pyocin Prevents and Ameliorates Infection by E. coli O157:H7 in an Animal Model of Diarrheal Disease
(American Society for Microbiology, 2011)AvR2-V10.3 is an engineered R-type pyocin that specifically kills Escherichia coli O157, an enteric pathogen that is a major cause of food-borne diarrheal disease. New therapeutics to counteract E. coli O157 are needed, ... -
An essential role for RPE-derived soluble VEGF in the maintenance of the choriocapillaris
(National Academy of Sciences, 2009)Clinical and experimental observations indicate a role for VEGF secreted by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the maintenance of the choriocapillaris (CC). VEGF in mice is produced as three isoforms, VEGF120, VEGF164, ...