Browsing HMS Scholarly Articles by Title
Now showing items 904-923 of 17921
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Antigen-mediated T cell expansion regulated by parallel pathways of death
(National Academy of Sciences, 2008)T cells enigmatically require caspase-8, an inducer of apoptosis, for antigen-driven expansion and effective antiviral responses, and yet the pathways responsible for this effect have been elusive. A defect in caspase-8 ... -
Antigen-Specific Antibody Glycosylation Is Regulated via Vaccination
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Antibody effector functions, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement deposition, and antibody-dependent phagocytosis, play a critical role in immunity against multiple pathogens, particularly in the ... -
Antigen-Specific Immunoglobulin a Antibodies Secreted from Circulating B Cells Are an Effective Marker for Recent Local Immune Responses in Patients with Cholera: Comparison to Antibody-Secreting Cell Responses and Other Immunological Markers
(American Society for Microbiology, 2003)Gut-derived lymphocytes transiently migrate through the peripheral circulation before homing back to mucosal sites and can be detected using an ELISPOT-based antibody secreting cell (ASC) assay. Alternatively, transiently ... -
Antigen-Specific Memory B-Cell Responses in Bangladeshi Adults after One- or Two-Dose Oral Killed Cholera Vaccination and Comparison with Responses in Patients with Naturally Acquired Cholera
(American Society for Microbiology, 2011)The mediators of protective immunity against cholera are currently unknown, but memory B-cell responses may play a central role in facilitating long-term and anamnestic responses against Vibrio cholerae, the cause of ... -
Antigen-Specific Memory B-cell Responses to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection in Bangladeshi Adults
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Background: Multiple infections with diverse enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains lead to broad spectrum protection against ETEC diarrhea. However, the precise mechanism of protection against ETEC infection is still ... -
Antigen-Specific Memory B-Cell Responses to Vibrio cholerae O1 Infection in Bangladesh
(American Society for Microbiology, 2009)Cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae, is a noninvasive dehydrating enteric disease with a high mortality rate if untreated. Infection with V. cholerae elicits long-term protection against subsequent disease in countries where ... -
Antigen-Specific Memory T Cell Responses after Vaccination with an Oral Killed Cholera Vaccine in Bangladeshi Children and Comparison to Responses in Patients with Naturally Acquired Cholera
(American Society for Microbiology, 2012)Young children, older children, and adults develop comparable levels and durations of immunity following cholera. In comparison, young children receiving oral killed cholera vaccines (OCV) develop a lower level and shorter ... -
Antigen-specific NK cell memory in rhesus macaques
(2015)Natural killer (NK) cells have traditionally been considered nonspecific components of innate immunity, but recent studies have shown features of antigen-specific memory in murine NK cells. However, it has remained unclear ... -
Antigenic Characterization of the HCMV gH/gL/gO and Pentamer Cell Entry Complexes Reveals Binding Sites for Potently Neutralizing Human Antibodies
(Public Library of Science, 2015)Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in transplant patients and in fetuses following congenital infection. The glycoprotein complexes gH/gL/gO and gH/gL/UL128/UL130/UL131A (Pentamer) are ... -
Antigenicity-defined conformations of an extremely neutralization-resistant HIV-1 envelope spike
(National Academy of Sciences, 2017)The extraordinary genetic diversity of the HIV-1 envelope spike [Env; trimeric (gp160)(3), cleaved to (gp120/gp41)(3)] poses challenges for vaccine development. Envs of different clinical isolates exhibit different ... -
Antihyperalgesia by α2-GABAA Receptors Occurs Via a Genuine Spinal Action and Does Not Involve Supraspinal Sites
(Nature Publishing Group, 2014)Drugs that enhance GABAergic inhibition alleviate inflammatory and neuropathic pain after spinal application. This antihyperalgesia occurs mainly through GABAA receptors (GABAARs) containing α2 subunits (α2-GABAARs). ... -
Antiinflammatory cAMP signaling and cell migration genes co-opted by the anthrax bacillus
(National Academy of Sciences, 2008)Bacillus anthracis, the etiologic agent of anthrax, avoids immune surveillance and commandeers host macrophages as a vehicle for lymphatic spreading. Here, we show that B. anthracis edema toxin (ET), via its adenylyl cyclase ... -
Antileukemic Activity of Nuclear Export Inhibitors that Spare Normal Hematopoietic Cells
(Nature Publishing Group, 2013)Drugs that target the chief mediator of nuclear export, chromosome region maintenance 1 protein (CRM1) have potential as therapeutics for leukemia, but existing CRM1 inhibitors show variable potencies and a broad range of ... -
Antimicrobial and Efflux Pump Inhibitory Activity of Caffeoylquinic Acids from Artemisia absinthium Against Gram-Positive Pathogenic Bacteria
(Public Library of Science, 2011)Background: Traditional antibiotics are increasingly suffering from the emergence of multidrug resistance amongst pathogenic bacteria leading to a range of novel approaches to control microbial infections being investigated ... -
Antimicrobial Chemicals Are Associated with Elevated Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Indoor Dust Microbiome
(American Chemical Society, 2016)Antibiotic resistance is increasingly widespread, largely due to human influence. Here, we explore the relationship between antibiotic resistance genes and the antimicrobial chemicals triclosan, triclocarban, and methyl-, ... -
An Antimicrobial Peptidomimetic Induces Mucorales Cell Death through Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis
(Public Library of Science, 2013)The incidence of mucormycosis has dramatically increased in immunocompromised patients. Moreover, the array of cellular targets whose inhibition results in fungal cell death is rather limited. Mitochondria have been ... -
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Inhibits Candida albicans Virulence Factors and ReducesIn VivoPathogenicity
(American Society for Microbiology, 2012-11-05)The objective of this study was to evaluate whether Candida albicans exhibits altered pathogenicity characteristics following sublethal antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (APDI) and if such alterations are maintained ... -
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2013)Nowadays methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common multidrug resistant bacteria both in hospitals and in the community. In the last two decades, there has been growing concern about the ... -
Antimicrobial Proteins and Peptides in Early Life: Ontogeny and Translational Opportunities
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2016)While developing adaptive immune responses, young infants are especially vulnerable to serious infections, including sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. Antimicrobial proteins and peptides (APPs) are key effectors that ... -
Antiparallel protocadherin homodimers use distinct affinity- and specificity-mediating regions in cadherin repeats 1-4
(eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2016)Protocadherins (Pcdhs) are cell adhesion and signaling proteins used by neurons to develop and maintain neuronal networks, relying on trans homophilic interactions between their extracellular cadherin (EC) repeat domains. ...