Browsing HMS Scholarly Articles by Title

Now showing items 976-995 of 17922

    • Applying mathematical models to predict resident physician performance and alertness on traditional and novel work schedules 

      Klerman, Elizabeth B.; Beckett, Scott A.; Landrigan, Christopher P. (BioMed Central, 2016)
      Background: In 2011 the U.S. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education began limiting first year resident physicians (interns) to shifts of ≤16 consecutive hours. Controversy persists regarding the effectiveness ...

    • An Approach to Localizing Corneal Pain Representation in Human Primary Somatosensory Cortex 

      Moulton, Eric Alan; Becerra, Lino Renan; Rosenthal, Perry; Borsook, David (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      The cornea has been a focus of animal electrophysiological research for decades, but little is known regarding its cortical representation in the human brain. This study attempts to localize the somatotopic representation ...

    • Approaches to ensuring and improving quality in the context of health system strengthening: a cross-site analysis of the five African Health Initiative Partnership programs 

      Hirschhorn, Lisa R; Baynes, Colin; Sherr, Kenneth; Chintu, Namwinga; Awoonor-Williams, John Koku; Finnegan, Karen; Philips, James F; Anatole, Manzi; Bawah, Ayaga A; Basinga, Paulin (BioMed Central, 2013)
      Background: Integrated into the work in health systems strengthening (HSS) is a growing focus on the importance of ensuring quality of the services delivered and systems which support them. Understanding how to define and ...

    • Approaches to Peripheral Nerve Repair: Generations of Biomaterial Conduits Yielding to Replacing Autologous Nerve Grafts in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery 

      Gaudin, Robert; Knipfer, Christian; Henningsen, Anders; Smeets, Ralf; Heiland, Max; Hadlock, Tessa (Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2016)
      Peripheral nerve injury is a common clinical entity, which may arise due to traumatic, tumorous, or even iatrogenic injury in craniomaxillofacial surgery. Despite advances in biomaterials and techniques over the past several ...

    • Approaches to Recording Drug Allergies in Electronic Health Records: Qualitative Study 

      Fernando, Bernard; Morrison, Zoe; Kalra, Dipak; Cresswell, Kathrin; Sheikh, Aziz (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Background: Drug allergy represent an important subset of adverse drug reactions that is worthy of attention because many of these reactions are potentially preventable with use of computerised decision support systems. ...

    • Approaching a complete repository of sequence-verified protein-encoding clones for Saccharomyces cerevisiae 

      Hu, Yanhui; Rolfs, Andreas; Bhullar, Bhupinder; Murthy, Tellamraju S.; Zhu, Cong; Berger, Michael F.; Camargo, Anamaria A.; Kelley, Fontina; McCarron, Seamus; Jepson, Daniel; Richardson, Aaron; Raphael, Jacob; Moreira, Donna; Taycher, Elena; Zuo, Dongmei; Mohr, Stephanie; Kane, Michael F.; Williamson, Janice; Simpson, Andrew; Bulyk, Martha L.; Harlow, Edward; Marsischky, Gerald; Kolodner, Richard D.; LaBaer, Joshua (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2007)
      The availability of an annotated genome sequence for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has made possible the proteome-scale study of protein function and protein-protein interactions. These studies rely on availability ...

    • “Appropriate” diagnostic testing: supporting diagnostics with evidence-based medicine and shared decision making 

      Polaris, Julian JZ; Katz, Jeffrey N (BioMed Central, 2014)
      Background: Evidence-based medicine is an important approach to avoiding care that is unlikely to benefit patients in both the treatment and the diagnostic context. The medical evidence alone may not determine the most ...

    • APRIL Signaling via TACI Mediates Immunosuppression by T Regulatory Cells in Multiple Myeloma: Therapeutic Implications 

      Tai, Yu-Tzu; Lin, Liang; Xing, Lijie; Cho, Shih-Feng; Yu, Tengteng; Acharya, Chirag; Wen, Kenneth; Hsieh, Phillip A.; Dulos, John; van Elsas, Andrea; Munshi, Nikhil; Richardson, Paul; Anderson, Kenneth (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2019-02-01)
      We here investigate how APRIL impacts immune regulatory T cells and directly contributes to the immunosuppressive multiple myeloma (MM) bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. First, APRIL receptor TACI expression is significantly ...

    • Aptamer-Functionalized Nanoparticles for Medical Applications: Challenges and Opportunities 

      Xiao, Zeyu; Farokhzad, Omid (American Chemical Society (ACS), 2012-05-10)
      With advances in aptamer selection technologies and nanomedicine, aptamer-functionalized nanoparticles are being explored as promising platforms for targeted therapeutic and diagnostic applications. In this Perspective, ...

    • AQP2 is Necessary for Vasopressin- and Forskolin-Mediated Filamentous Actin Depolymerization in Renal Epithelial Cells 

      Yui, Naofumi; Lu, Hua A Jenny; Bouley, Richard; Brown, Dennis (The Company of Biologists, 2011)
      Remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton is required for vasopressin (VP)‐induced aquaporin 2 (AQP2) trafficking. Here, we asked whether VP and forskolin (FK)‐mediated F‐actin depolymerization depends on AQP2 expression. Using ...

    • An Aquaporin 3-Notch1 Axis in Keratinocyte Differentiation and Inflammation 

      Guo, Liqiong; Chen, Hongxiang; Li, Yongsheng; Zhou, Qixing; Sui, Yang (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Aquaporin 3 (AQP3) is an aquaglyceroporin which transports water, glycerol and small solutes across the plasma membrane. Its functions are not limited to fluid transport but also involve the regulation of cell proliferation, ...

    • Aquaporin 4 is a Ubiquitously Expressed Isoform in the Dogfish (Squalus acanthias) Shark 

      Cutler, Christopher P; MacIver, Bryce; Cramb, Gordon; Zeidel, Mark Lawrence (Frontiers Research Foundation, 2012)
      The dogfish ortholog of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) was amplified from cDNA using degenerate PCR followed by cloning and sequencing. The complete coding region was then obtained using 5′ and 3′ RACE techniques. Alignment of the ...

    • Aqueous Dissolution of Alzheimer’s Disease Aβ Amyloid Deposits by Biometal Depletion 

      Cherny, Robert A.; Legg, Jacinta T.; McLean, Catriona A.; Fairlie, David P.; Huang, Xudong; Atwood, Craig S.; Beyreuther, Konrad; Tanzi, Rudolph E.; Masters, Colin L.; Bush, Ashley (American Society for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (ASBMB), 1999-08-13)
      Zn(II) and Cu(II) precipitate Aβ in vitro into insoluble aggregates that are dissolved by metal chelators. We now report evidence that these biometals also mediate the deposition of Aβ amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease, since ...

    • AR, the Cell Cycle, and Prostate Cancer 

      Balk, Steven Paul; Knudsen, Karen E. (The Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas, 2008)
      The androgen receptor (AR) is a critical effector of prostate cancer development and progression. The dependence of this tumor type on AR activity is exploited in treatment of disseminated prostate cancers, wherein ablation ...

    • Arachidonic acid mediates the formation of abundant alpha-helical multimers of alpha-synuclein 

      Iljina, Marija; Tosatto, Laura; Choi, Minee L.; Sang, Jason C.; Ye, Yu; Hughes, Craig D.; Bryant, Clare E.; Gandhi, Sonia; Klenerman, David (Nature Publishing Group, 2016)
      The protein alpha-synuclein (αS) self-assembles into toxic beta-sheet aggregates in Parkinson’s disease, while it is proposed that αS forms soluble alpha-helical multimers in healthy neurons. Here, we have made αS multimers ...

    • Architecture and Function of Mechanosensitive Membrane Protein Lattices 

      Kahraman, Osman; Koch, Peter D.; Klug, William S.; Haselwandter, Christoph A. (Nature Publishing Group, 2016)
      Experiments have revealed that membrane proteins can form two-dimensional clusters with regular translational and orientational protein arrangements, which may allow cells to modulate protein function. However, the physical ...

    • Architecture of Autoinhibited and Active BRAF–MEK1–14-3-3 Complexes 

      Rawson, Shaun; Kim, Byeong-Won; Sharif, Humayun; Jeon, Hyesung; Park, Eunyoung; Li, Kunhua; Ficarro, Scott; Gonzalez-De Pino, Gonzalo; Marto, Jarrod; Eck, Michael (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2019-10-03)
      RAF family kinases are RAS-activated switches that initiate signaling through the MAP kinase cascade to control cellular proliferation, differentiation and survival1-3. RAF activity is tightly regulated and inappropriate ...

    • Architecture of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter 

      Oxenoid, Kirill; Dong, Ying; Cao, Chan; Cui, Tanxing; Sancak, Yasemin; Markhard, Andrew L.; Grabarek, Zenon; Kong, Liangliang; Liu, Zhijun; Ouyang, Bo; Cong, Yao; Mootha, Vamsi K.; Chou, James J. (2016)
      Mitochondria from multiple, eukaryotic clades uptake and buffer large amounts of calcium (Ca2+) via an inner membrane transporter called the uniporter. Early studies demonstrated that this transport requires a mitochondrial ...

    • Arctigenin alleviates ER stress via activating AMPK 

      Gu, Yuan; Yuan, Jun-ying; Sun, Xiao-xiao; Ye, Ji-ming; He, Li; Yan, Shou-sheng; Zhang, Hao-hao; Hu, Li-hong; Yu, Qiang (Nature Publishing Group, 2012)
      Aim: To investigate the protective effects of arctigenin (ATG), a phenylpropanoid dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan from Arctium lappa L (Compositae), against ER stress in vitro and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: A cell-based ...

    • Arcuate hypothalamic AgRP and putative POMC neurons show opposite changes in spiking across multiple timescales 

      Mandelblat-Cerf, Yael; Ramesh, Rohan N; Burgess, Christian R; Patella, Paola; Yang, Zongfang; Lowell, Bradford B; Andermann, Mark L (eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2015)
      Agouti-related-peptide (AgRP) neurons—interoceptive neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC)—are both necessary and sufficient for driving feeding behavior. To better understand the functional roles of AgRP ...