Browsing HMS Scholarly Articles by Keyword "Chromosome Biology"

Now showing items 1-20 of 30

    • 53BP1 Protects against CtIP-Dependent Capture of Ectopic Chromosomal Sequences at the Junction of Distant Double-Strand Breaks 

      Guirouilh-Barbat, Josée; Gelot, Camille; Xie, Anyong; Dardillac, Elodie; Scully, Ralph; Lopez, Bernard S. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are very harmful lesions that can generate genome rearrangements. In this study, we used intrachromosomal reporters to compare both the efficiency and accuracy of end-joining occurring with ...

    • Cas9 Functionally Opens Chromatin 

      Barkal, Amira A.; Srinivasan, Sharanya; Hashimoto, Tatsunori; Gifford, David K.; Sherwood, Richard I. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Using a nuclease-dead Cas9 mutant, we show that Cas9 reproducibly induces chromatin accessibility at previously inaccessible genomic loci. Cas9 chromatin opening is sufficient to enable adjacent binding and transcriptional ...

    • The Chromatin Remodeling Factor CHD5 Is a Transcriptional Repressor of WEE1 

      Quan, Jinhua; Adelmant, Guillaume; Marto, Jarrod A.; Look, A. Thomas; Yusufzai, Timur (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Loss of the chromatin remodeling ATPase CHD5 has been linked to the progression of neuroblastoma tumors, yet the underlying mechanisms behind the tumor suppressor role of CHD5 are unknown. In this study, we purified the ...

    • Complex Breakpoints and Template Switching Associated with Non-canonical Termination of Homologous Recombination in Mammalian Cells 

      Hartlerode, Andrea J.; Willis, Nicholas A.; Rajendran, Anbazhagan; Manis, John P.; Scully, Ralph (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      A proportion of homologous recombination (HR) events in mammalian cells resolve by “long tract” gene conversion, reflecting copying of several kilobases from the donor sister chromatid prior to termination. Cells lacking ...

    • Determinants of Human Cyclin B1 Association with Mitotic Chromosomes 

      Pfaff, Kathleen Lindahl; King, Randall Wharton (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Cyclin B1–CDK1 activity is essential for mitotic entry, but questions remain regarding how the activity of this kinase is spatially regulated. Previous studies showed that the cyclin B1 subunit localizes to several ...

    • Discovery of Genetic Variation on Chromosome 5q22 Associated with Mortality in Heart Failure 

      Smith, J. Gustav; Felix, Janine F.; Morrison, Alanna C.; Kalogeropoulos, Andreas; Trompet, Stella; Wilk, Jemma B.; Gidlöf, Olof; Wang, Xinchen; Morley, Michael; Mendelson, Michael; Joehanes, Roby; Ligthart, Symen; Shan, Xiaoyin; Bis, Joshua C.; Wang, Ying A.; Sjögren, Marketa; Ngwa, Julius; Brandimarto, Jeffrey; Stott, David J.; Aguilar, David; Rice, Kenneth M.; Sesso, Howard D.; Demissie, Serkalem; Buckley, Brendan M.; Taylor, Kent D.; Ford, Ian; Yao, Chen; Liu, Chunyu; Sotoodehnia, Nona; van der Harst, Pim; Stricker, Bruno H. Ch.; Kritchevsky, Stephen B.; Liu, Yongmei; Gaziano, J. Michael; Hofman, Albert; Moravec, Christine S.; Uitterlinden, André G.; Kellis, Manolis; van Meurs, Joyce B.; Margulies, Kenneth B.; Dehghan, Abbas; Levy, Daniel; Olde, Björn; Psaty, Bruce M.; Cupples, L. Adrienne; Jukema, J. Wouter; Djousse, Luc; Franco, Oscar H.; Boerwinkle, Eric; Boyer, Laurie A.; Newton-Cheh, Christopher; Butler, Javed; Vasan, Ramachandran S.; Cappola, Thomas P.; Smith, Nicholas L. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Failure of the human heart to maintain sufficient output of blood for the demands of the body, heart failure, is a common condition with high mortality even with modern therapeutic alternatives. To identify molecular ...

    • Enrichment of HP1a on Drosophila Chromosome 4 Genes Creates an Alternate Chromatin Structure Critical for Regulation in this Heterochromatic Domain 

      Riddle, Nicole C.; Jung, Youngsook; Gu, Tingting; Alekseyenko, Artyom A.; Asker, Dalal; Gui, Hongxing; Kharchenko, Peter Vasili; Minoda, Aki; Plachetka, Annette; Schwartz, Yuri B.; Tolstorukov, Michael Y.; Kuroda, Mitzi I.; Pirrotta, Vincenzo; Karpen, Gary H.; Park, Peter J.; Elgin, Sarah C. R. (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Chromatin environments differ greatly within a eukaryotic genome, depending on expression state, chromosomal location, and nuclear position. In genomic regions characterized by high repeat content and high gene density, ...

    • Expansion of GA Dinucleotide Repeats Increases the Density of CLAMP Binding Sites on the X-Chromosome to Promote Drosophila Dosage Compensation 

      Kuzu, Guray; Kaye, Emily G.; Chery, Jessica; Siggers, Trevor; Yang, Lin; Dobson, Jason R.; Boor, Sonia; Bliss, Jacob; Liu, Wei; Jogl, Gerwald; Rohs, Remo; Singh, Nadia D.; Bulyk, Martha L.; Tolstorukov, Michael Y.; Larschan, Erica (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Dosage compensation is an essential process that equalizes transcript levels of X-linked genes between sexes by forming a domain of coordinated gene expression. Throughout the evolution of Diptera, many different X-chromosomes ...

    • Genetic Predisposition to Higher Body Mass Index or Type 2 Diabetes and Leukocyte Telomere Length in the Nurses' Health Study 

      Du, Mengmeng; Prescott, Jennifer; Cornelis, Marilyn; Hankinson, Susan Elizabeth; Giovannucci, Edward L.; Kraft, Phillip L.; De Vivo, Immaculata (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Background: Although cross-sectional studies have linked higher body mass index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) to shortened telomeres, whether these metabolic conditions play a causal role in telomere biology is unknown. ...

    • Healthy Lifestyle and Leukocyte Telomere Length in U.S. Women 

      Sun, Qi; Shi, Ling; Prescott, Jennifer; Chiuve, Stephanie Elizabeth; Hu, Frank B.; De Vivo, Immaculata; Stampfer, Meir; Franks, Paul W.; Manson, JoAnn Elisabeth; Rexrode, Kathryn Marian (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Context: Whether a healthy lifestyle may be associated with longer telomere length is largely unknown. Objectives: To examine healthy lifestyle practices, which are primary prevention measures against major age-related ...

    • Hemizygous Deletion on Chromosome 3p26.1 Is Associated with Heavy Smoking among African American Subjects in the COPDGene Study 

      Begum, Ferdouse; Ruczinski, Ingo; Hokanson, John E.; Lutz, Sharon M.; Parker, Margaret M.; Cho, Michael H.; Hetmanski, Jacqueline B.; Scharpf, Robert B.; Crapo, James D.; Silverman, Edwin K.; Beaty, Terri H. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Many well-powered genome-wide association studies have identified genetic determinants of self-reported smoking behaviors and measures of nicotine dependence, but most have not considered the role of structural variants, ...

    • High Phobic Anxiety Is Related to Lower Leukocyte Telomere Length in Women 

      Okereke, Olivia Ifeoma; Prescott, Jennifer; Wong, Jason Yat Yang; Han, Jiali; Rexrode, Kathryn Marian; De Vivo, Immaculata (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Background: Chronic psychological distress has been linked to shorter telomeres, an indication of accelerated aging. Yet, little is known about relations of anxiety to telomeres. We examined whether a typically chronic ...

    • Histone H2A Mono-Ubiquitination Is a Crucial Step to Mediate PRC1-Dependent Repression of Developmental Genes to Maintain ES Cell Identity 

      Endoh, Mitsuhiro; Endo, Takaho A.; Endoh, Tamie; Isono, Kyo-ichi; Sharif, Jafar; Ohara, Osamu; Toyoda, Tetsuro; Ito, Takashi; Eskeland, Ragnhild; Bickmore, Wendy A.; Koseki, Haruhiko; Vidal, Miguel; Bernstein, Bradley E. (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Two distinct Polycomb complexes, PRC1 and PRC2, collaborate to maintain epigenetic repression of key developmental loci in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). PRC1 and PRC2 have histone modifying activities, catalyzing ...

    • The Histone H4 Lysine 20 Monomethyl Mark, Set by PR-Set7 and Stabilized by L(3)mbt, Is Necessary for Proper Interphase Chromatin Organization 

      Sakaguchi, Ayako; Joyce, Eric; Aoki, Tsutomu; Schedl, Paul; Steward, Ruth (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Drosophila PR-Set7 or SET8 is a histone methyltransferase that specifically monomethylates histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20). L(3)MBT has been identified as a reader of methylated H4K20. It contains several conserved domains ...

    • Identification of the SlmA Active Site Responsible for Blocking Bacterial Cytokinetic Ring Assembly over the Chromosome 

      Cho, Hongbaek; Bernhardt, Thomas G. (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Bacterial cells use chromosome-associated division inhibitors to help coordinate the processes of DNA replication and segregation with cytokinesis. SlmA from Escherichia coli, a member of the tetracycline repressor (TetR)–like ...

    • Ikbkap/Elp1 Deficiency Causes Male Infertility by Disrupting Meiotic Progression 

      Lin, Fu-Jung; Shen, Li; Jang, Chuan-Wei; Falnes, Pål Ø.; Zhang, Yi (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Mouse Ikbkap gene encodes IKAP—one of the core subunits of Elongator—and is thought to be involved in transcription. However, the biological function of IKAP, particularly within the context of an animal model, remains ...

    • Impact of Histone H4 Lysine 20 Methylation on 53BP1 Responses to Chromosomal Double Strand Breaks 

      Hartlerode, Andrea J.; Guan, Yinghua; Rajendran, Anbazhagan; Ura, Kiyoe; Schotta, Gunnar; Xie, Anyong; Shah, Jagesh V.; Scully, Ralph (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Recruitment of 53BP1 to chromatin flanking double strand breaks (DSBs) requires γH2AX/MDC1/RNF8-dependent ubiquitination of chromatin and interaction of 53BP1 with histone H4 methylated on lysine 20 (H4K20me). Several ...

    • Mammalian E-type Cyclins Control Chromosome Pairing, Telomere Stability and CDK2 Localization in Male Meiosis 

      Martinerie, Laetitia; Manterola, Marcia; Chung, Sanny S. W.; Panigrahi, Sunil K.; Weisbach, Melissa; Vasileva, Ana; Geng, Yan; Sicinski, Peter; Wolgemuth, Debra J. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Loss of function of cyclin E1 or E2, important regulators of the mitotic cell cycle, yields viable mice, but E2-deficient males display reduced fertility. To elucidate the role of E-type cyclins during spermatogenesis, we ...

    • A Molecular Approach to the Sexing of the Triple Burial at the Upper Paleolithic Site of Dolní Věstonice 

      Mittnik, Alissa; Wang, Chuan-Chao; Svoboda, Jiří; Krause, Johannes (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      In the past decades ancient DNA research has brought numerous insights to archaeological research where traditional approaches were limited. The determination of sex in human skeletal remains is often challenging for ...

    • The Oncoprotein BRD4-NUT Generates Aberrant Histone Modification Patterns 

      Zee, Barry M.; Dibona, Amy B.; Alekseyenko, Artyom A.; French, Christopher A.; Kuroda, Mitzi I. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Defects in chromatin proteins frequently manifest in diseases. A striking case of a chromatin-centric disease is NUT-midline carcinoma (NMC), which is characterized by expression of NUT as a fusion partner most frequently ...