Browsing HMS Scholarly Articles by Keyword "animal models"

Now showing items 1-20 of 26

    • Antihyperalgesia by α2-GABAA Receptors Occurs Via a Genuine Spinal Action and Does Not Involve Supraspinal Sites 

      Paul, Jolly; Yévenes, Gonzalo E; Benke, Dietmar; Lio, Alessandra Di; Ralvenius, William T; Witschi, Robert; Scheurer, Louis; Cook, James M; Rudolph, Uwe; Fritschy, Jean-Marc; Zeilhofer, Hanns Ulrich (Nature Publishing Group, 2014)
      Drugs that enhance GABAergic inhibition alleviate inflammatory and neuropathic pain after spinal application. This antihyperalgesia occurs mainly through GABAA receptors (GABAARs) containing α2 subunits (α2-GABAARs). ...

    • Cholinergic Interneurons Mediate Fast VGluT3-Dependent Glutamatergic Transmission in the Striatum 

      Higley, Michael J.; Gittis, Aryn H.; Oldenburg, Ian Anton; Balthasar, Nina; Seal, Rebecca P.; Edwards, Robert H.; Lowell, Bradford Barr; Kreitzer, Anatol C.; Sabatini, Bernardo Luis (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      The neurotransmitter glutamate is released by excitatory projection neurons throughout the brain. However, non-glutamatergic cells, including cholinergic and monoaminergic neurons, express markers that suggest that they ...

    • The Chromosomal Passenger Complex Activates Polo Kinase at Centromeres 

      Carmena, Mar; Pinson, Xavier; Platani, Melpi; Salloum, Zeina; Xu, Zhenjie; MacIsaac, Fiona; Ogawa, Hiromi; Glover, David M.; Archambault, Vincent; Earnshaw, William C.; Clark, Anthony; Eggert, Ulrike (Riki) Sophie (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      The coordinated activities at centromeres of two key cell cycle kinases, Polo and Aurora B, are critical for ensuring that the two sister kinetochores of each chromosome are attached to microtubules from opposite spindle ...

    • CIP2A Promotes Proliferation of Spermatogonial Progenitor Cells and Spermatogenesis in Mice 

      Ventelä, Sami; Côme, Christophe; Mäkelä, Juho-Antti; Hobbs, Robin M.; Mannermaa, Leni; Kallajoki, Markku; Chan, Edward K.; Pandolfi, Pier Paolo; Toppari, Jorma; Westermarck, Jukka (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a critical regulator of protein serine/threonine phosphorylation. However, the physiological and developmental roles of different PP2A complexes are very poorly understood. Here, we show ...

    • Comparison of Phenotypes between Different \(vangl2\) Mutants Demonstrates Dominant Effects of the \(Looptail\) Mutation during Hair Cell Development 

      Yin, Haifeng; Copley, Catherine O.; Goodrich, Lisa V.; Deans, Michael R. (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Experiments utilizing the \(Looptail\) mutant mouse, which harbors a missense mutation in the \(vangl2\) gene, have been essential for studies of planar polarity and linking the function of the core planar cell polarity ...

    • Dynamics of Envelope Evolution in Clade C SHIV-Infected Pig-Tailed Macaques during Disease Progression Analyzed by Ultra-Deep Pyrosequencing 

      Tso, For Yue; Tully, Damien C; Gonzalez, Sandra; Quince, Christopher; Ho, On; Polacino, Patricia; Ruprecht, Ruth Margrit; Hu, Shiu-Lok; Wood, Charles (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Understanding the evolution of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope during disease progression can provide tremendous insights for vaccine development, and simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) ...

    • eNOS Protects from Atherosclerosis Despite Relevant Superoxide Production by the Enzyme in apoE\(^{−/−}\) Mice 

      Ponnuswamy, Padmapriya; Schröttle, Angelika; Ostermeier, Eva; Grüner, Sabine; Huang, Paul Lee; Ertl, Georg; Hoffmann, Ulrich; Nieswandt, Bernhard; Kuhlencordt, Peter J. (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Background: All three nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms are expressed in atherosclerotic plaques. NOS enzymes in general catalyse NO production. However, under conditions of substrate and cofactor deficiency, the enzyme ...

    • Essential Role of MFG-E8 for Phagocytic Properties of Microglial Cells 

      Liu, Yong; Yang, Xuesen; Guo, Chenying; Nie, Pan; Liu, Yan; Ma, Jie (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Milk fat globule factor-E8 (MFG-E8) has been regarded as a key factor involved in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. We induced a lentivirus into the microglial cells for the augmentation or abrogation of MFG-E8 expression ...

    • The First International Mini-Symposium on Methionine Restriction and Lifespan 

      Ables, Gene P.; Brown-Borg, Holly M.; Buffenstein, Rochelle; Church, Christopher D.; Elshorbagy, Amany K.; Gladyshev, Vadim N.; Huang, Tsang-hai; Miller, Richard A.; Mitchell, James R.; Richie, John P.; Rogina, Blanka; Stipanuk, Martha H.; Orentreich, David S.; Orentreich, Norman (Frontiers Media S.A., 2014)
      It has been 20 years since the Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, under the leadership Dr. Norman Orentreich, first reported that low methionine (Met) ingestion by rats extends lifespan (Orentreich et ...

    • Genetic and Pharmacological Modifications of Thrombin Formation in Apolipoprotein E-deficient Mice Determine Atherosclerosis Severity and Atherothrombosis Onset in a Neutrophil-Dependent Manner 

      Borissoff, Julian I; Otten, Jeroen J. T.; Heeneman, Sylvia; Leenders, Peter; van Oerle, René; Soehnlein, Oliver; Loubele, Sarah T. B. G.; Hamulyák, Karly; Hackeng, Tilman M.; Daemen, Mat J. A. P.; Degen, Jay L.; Weiler, Hartmut; Esmon, Charles T.; van Ryn, Joanne; Biessen, Erik A. L.; Spronk, Henri M. H.; ten Cate, Hugo (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Background: Variations in the blood coagulation activity, determined genetically or by medication, may alter atherosclerotic plaque progression, by influencing pleiotropic effects of coagulation proteases. Published ...

    • Ligation of the Jugular Veins Does Not Result in Brain Inflammation or Demyelination in Mice 

      Atkinson, Wendy; Forghani, Reza; Wojtkiewicz, Gregory R.; Pulli, Benjamin; Iwamoto, Yoshiko; Ueno, Takuya; Waterman, Peter; Truelove, Jessica; Oklu, Rahmi; Chen, John Wen-Yueh (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      An alternative hypothesis has been proposed implicating chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) as a potential cause of multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to evaluate the validity of this hypothesis in a controlled ...

    • Mapping Molecular Agents Distributions in Whole Mice Hearts Using Born-Normalized Optical Projection Tomography 

      Vinegoni, Claudio; Feruglio, Paolo Fumene; Razansky, Daniel; Gorbatov, Rostic; Ntziachristos, Vasilis; Sbarbati, Andrea; Nahrendorf, Matthias; Weissleder, Ralph (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      To date there is a lack of tools to map the spatio-temporal dynamics of diverse cells in experimental heart models. Conventional histology is labor intensive with limited coverage, whereas many imaging techniques do not ...

    • Meta-Profiles of Gene Expression during Aging: Limited Similarities between Mouse and Human and an Unexpectedly Decreased Inflammatory Signature 

      Swindell, William R.; Johnston, Andrew; Sun, Liou; Xing, Xianying; Fisher, Gary J.; Bulyk, Martha Leonia; Elder, James T.; Gudjonsson, Johann E. (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Background: Skin aging is associated with intrinsic processes that compromise the structure of the extracellular matrix while promoting loss of functional and regenerative capacity. These processes are accompanied by a ...

    • A Model for How Signal Duration Can Determine Distinct Outcomes of Gene Transcription Programs 

      Fowler, Kevin D.; Kuchroo, Vijay Kumar; Chakraborty, Arup K. (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      The reason why IL-6 induces a pro-inflammatory response, while IL-10 induces an anti-inflammatory response, despite both cytokines activating the same transcription factor, STAT3, is not well understood. It is known that ...

    • Modeling HCV disease in animals: virology, immunology and pathogenesis of HCV and GBV-B infections 

      Manickam, Cordelia; Reeves, R. Keith (Frontiers Media S.A., 2014)
      Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has become a global public health burden costing billions of dollars in health care annually. Even with rapidly advancing scientific technologies this disease still poses a significant ...

    • Opposing Roles For Membrane Bound and Soluble Fas Ligand in Glaucoma-Associated Retinal Ganglion Cell Death 

      Hackett, Caroline G.; Abernathy, Emma F.; Hohlbaum, Andreas M.; Moody, Krishna-sulayman L.; Hobson, Maura W.; Jones, Alexander; Karray, Saoussen; Giani, Andrea; John, Simon W. M.; Marshak-Rothstein, Ann; Gregory, Meredith S.; Lee, Karen S.; Saff, Rebecca Rose; Kolovou, Paraskevi-Evi; Chen, Dong Feng; Ksander, Bruce R. (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      Glaucoma, the most frequent optic neuropathy, is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) occurs in all forms of glaucoma and accounts for the loss of vision, however the molecular ...

    • Pax3 Stimulates p53 Ubiquitination and Degradation Independent of Transcription 

      Wang, Xiaodan; Morgan, Sarah C.; Loeken, Mary Rose (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      Background: Pax3 is a developmental transcription factor that is required for neural tube and neural crest development. We previously showed that inactivating the p53 tumor suppressor protein prevents neural tube and cardiac ...

    • Preservation of Mouse Sperm by Convective Drying and Storing in 3-O-Methyl-D-Glucose 

      Liu, Jie; Lee, Gloria Y.; Lawitts, Joel A.; Toner, Mehmet; Biggers, John Dennis (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      With the fast advancement in the genetics and bio-medical fields, the vast number of valuable transgenic and rare genetic mouse models need to be preserved. Preservation of mouse sperm by convective drying and subsequent ...

    • Resistance of Renal Cell Carcinoma to Sorafenib Is Mediated by Potentially Reversible Gene Expression 

      Bhasin, Manoj; Schor-Bardach, Rachel; Collins, Michael P.; Zhang, Liang; Wang, Xiaoen; Panka, David Joel; Putheti, Prabhakar; Signoretti, Sabina; Alsop, David C.; Libermann, Towia Aron; Atkins, Michael B.; Mier, James W.; Goldberg, S. Nahum; Bhatt, Rupal Satish (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      Purpose: Resistance to antiangiogenic therapy is an important clinical problem. We examined whether resistance occurs at least in part via reversible, physiologic changes in the tumor, or results solely from stable genetic ...

    • Retinal Detachment Model in Rodents by Subretinal Injection of Sodium Hyaluronate 

      Matsumoto, Hidetaka; Miller, Joan W.; Vavvas, Demetrios G. (MyJove Corporation, 2013)
      Subretinal injection of sodium hyaluronate is a widely accepted method of inducing retinal detachment (RD)1-15. However, the height and duration of RD or the occurrence of subretinal hemorrhage can affect photoreceptor ...