Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Keyword "AIDS"
Now showing items 21-33 of 33
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Laboratory and Clinical Predictors of Disease Progression following Initiation of Combination Therapy in HIV-Infected Adults in Thailand
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Background: Data on determinants of long-term disease progression in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are limited in low and middle-income settings. Methods: Effects of current CD4 count, viral load ... -
Missed Opportunities: Refusal to Confirm Reactive Rapid HIV Tests in the Emergency Department
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Background: HIV infection remains a major US public health concern. While HIV-infected individuals now benefit from earlier diagnosis and improved treatment options, progress is tempered by large numbers of newly diagnosed ... -
Mobile HIV Screening in Cape Town, South Africa: Clinical Impact, Cost and Cost-Effectiveness
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Background: Mobile HIV screening may facilitate early HIV diagnosis. Our objective was to examine the cost-effectiveness of adding a mobile screening unit to current medical facility-based HIV testing in Cape Town, South ... -
Modelling national HIV/AIDS epidemics: revised approach in the UNAIDS Estimation and Projection Package 2011
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2012)Objective: United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS reports regularly on estimated levels and trends in HIV/AIDS epidemics, which are evaluated using an epidemiological model within the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP). ... -
Nutritional Status and Other Baseline Predictors of Mortality among HIV-Infected Children Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Tanzania
(SAGE Publications, 2013)BACKGROUND: We assembled a prospective cohort of 3144 children less than 15 years of age initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. METHODS: The relationships of nutritional status and other ... -
Outcomes among HIV-1 Infected Individuals First Starting Antiretroviral Therapy with Concurrent Active TB or Other AIDS-Defining Disease
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is common among HIV-infected individuals in many resource-limited countries and has been associated with poor survival. We evaluated morbidity and mortality among individuals first starting ... -
Patient- and Population-Level Health Consequences of Discontinuing Antiretroviral Therapy in Settings with Inadequate HIV Treatment Availability
(BioMed Central, 2012)Background: In resource-limited settings, HIV budgets are flattening or decreasing. A policy of discontinuing antiretroviral therapy (ART) after HIV treatment failure was modeled to highlight trade-offs among competing ... -
Plasma Concentrations, Efficacy and Safety of Efavirenz in HIV-Infected Adults Treated for Tuberculosis in Cambodia (ANRS 1295-CIPRA KH001 CAMELIA Trial)
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Objective: To assess efavirenz plasma concentrations and their association with treatment efficacy and tolerance of efavirenz 600 mg daily in HIV-tuberculosis co-infected patients. Methods: HIV-infected adults with CD4+ T ... -
Population Health Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Tuberculosis Diagnosis with Xpert MTB/RIF: A Dynamic Simulation and Economic Evaluation
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Background: The Xpert MTB/RIF test enables rapid detection of tuberculosis (TB) and rifampicin resistance. The World Health Organization recommends Xpert for initial diagnosis in individuals suspected of having multidrug-resistant ... -
Survey of the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Nigerian Surgery Trainees to HIV-infected Persons and AIDS Patients
(BioMed Central, 2002)Background: The incidence of HIV infection and AIDS is rising in Nigeria. Surgeons are at risk of occupationally acquired infection as a result of intimate contact with the blood and body fluids of patients. This study set ... -
Time trends of baseline demographics and clinical characteristics of HIV infected children enrolled in care and treatment service in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
(Springer Science + Business Media, 2015)Background Few studies have described time-based trends of clinical and demographic characteristics of children enrolling in HIV and AIDS care and treatment services. We present findings of a study that explored time-based ... -
Viral Diversity and Diversification of Major Non-Structural Genes vif, vpr, vpu, tat exon 1 and rev exon 1 during Primary HIV-1 Subtype C Infection
(Public Library of Science, 2012)To assess the level of intra-patient diversity and evolution of HIV-1C non-structural genes in primary infection, viral quasispecies obtained by single genome amplification (SGA) at multiple sampling timepoints up to 500 ... -
Vitamin D and HIV Progression among Tanzanian Adults Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Background: There is growing evidence of an association between low vitamin D and HIV disease progression; however, no prospective studies have been conducted among adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan ...