Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title
Now showing items 1719-1738 of 6362
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Dissecting diabetes/metabolic disease mechanisms using pluripotent stem cells and genome editing tools
(Elsevier, 2015)Background: Diabetes and metabolic syndromes are chronic, devastating diseases with increasing prevalence. Human pluripotent stem cells are gaining popularity in their usage for human in vitro disease modeling. With recent ... -
Dissecting the determinants of malaria chronicity: why within-host models struggle to reproduce infection dynamics
(The Royal Society, 2015)The duration of infection is fundamental to the epidemiological behaviour of any infectious disease, but remains one of the most poorly understood aspects of malaria. In endemic areas, the malaria parasite Plasmodium ... -
Disseminating a Smoking Cessation Intervention to Childhood and Young Adult Cancer Survivors: Baseline Characteristics and Study Design of the Partnership for Health-2 Study
(BioMed Central, 2011)Background: Partnership for Health-2 (PFH-2) is a web-based version of Partnership for Health, an evidence-based smoking cessation intervention for childhood cancer survivors. This paper describes the PFH-2 intervention ... -
Dissemination of Research Findings to Research Participants Living with HIV in Rural Uganda: Challenges and Rewards
(Public Library of Science, 2013)David Bangsberg and colleagues explore the challenges and rewards of sharing research findings with participants living with HIV enrolled in observational research in rural sub-Saharan Africa. -
Dissociable Genetic Contributions to Error Processing: A Multimodal Neuroimaging Study
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Background: Neuroimaging studies reliably identify two markers of error commission: the error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential, and functional MRI activation of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex ... -
Distinct Effects on Diversifying Selection by Two Mechanisms of Immunity Against Streptococcus pneumoniae
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Antigenic variation to evade host immunity has long been assumed to be a driving force of diversifying selection in pathogens. Colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is central to the organism's transmission and ... -
Distinct Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype A Virus Circulating in West Africa: Sub-Subtype A3
(American Society for Microbiology, 2004)Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate significant diversity in worldwide circulating strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Detailed studies have revealed a complex pattern of intersubtype recombinations, as ... -
Distribution of and Factors Associated with Serum Homocysteine Levels in Children: Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health
(American Medical Association, 1999) -
The Distribution of Genomic Variations in Human iPSCs Is Related to Replication-Timing Reorganization during Reprogramming
(Elsevier BV, 2014)Cell fate change involves significant genome reorganization, including change in replication timing, but how these changes are related to genetic variation has not been examined. To study how change in replication timing ... -
Distribution of manganese and other biometals in flatiron mice
(Springer Netherlands, 2015)Flatiron (ffe) mice display features of “ferroportin disease” or Type IV hereditary hemochromatosis. While it is known that both Fe and Mn metabolism are impaired in flatiron mice, the effects of ferroportin (Fpn) deficiency ... -
Distribution of metals exposure and associations with cardiometabolic risk factors in the “Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study”
(BioMed Central, 2014)Background: Metals are known endocrine disruptors and have been linked to cardiometabolic diseases via multiple potential mechanisms, yet few human studies have both the exposure variability and biologically-relevant ... -
The Distribution of Pairwise Genetic Distances: A Tool for Investigating Disease Transmission
(Genetics Society of America, 2014)Whole-genome sequencing of pathogens has recently been used to investigate disease outbreaks and is likely to play a growing role in real-time epidemiological studies. Methods to analyze high-resolution genomic data in ... -
A diurnal serum lipid integrates hepatic lipogenesis and peripheral fatty acid utilization
(2014)Food intake increases the activity of hepatic de novo lipogenesis, which mediates the conversion of glucose to fats for storage or utilization. In mice, this program follows a circadian rhythm that peaks with nocturnal ... -
Divergent androgen regulation of unfolded protein response pathways drives prostate cancer
(BlackWell Publishing Ltd, 2015)The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a homeostatic mechanism to maintain endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function. The UPR is activated by various physiological conditions as well as in disease states, such as cancer. As ... -
Divergent LIN28-mRNA associations result in translational suppression upon the initiation of differentiation
(Oxford University Press, 2014)LIN28 function is fundamental to the activity and behavior of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells. Its main roles in these cell types are the regulation of translational efficiency and ... -
Diverse Cumulative Impact of Chronic Diseases on Physical Health–Related Quality of Life: Implications for a Measure of Multimorbidity
(, 2016)Debate continues on how to measure and weight diseases in multimorbidity. We quantified the association of a broad range of chronic diseases with physical health-related qualify of life and used these weights to develop ... -
Diverse evolutionary patterns of pneumococcal antigens identified by pangenome-wide immunological screening
(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2017)Characterizing the immune response to pneumococcal proteins is critical in understanding this bacterium's epidemiology and vaccinology. Probing a custom-designed proteome microarray with sera from 35 healthy US adults ... -
Diversification of bacterial genome content through distinct mechanisms over different timescales
(Nature Pub. Group, 2014)Bacterial populations often consist of multiple co-circulating lineages. Determining how such population structures arise requires understanding what drives bacterial diversification. Using 616 systematically sampled ... -
Diversity of the Gut Microbiota and Eczema in Early Life
(BioMed Central, 2008)Background: A modest number of prospective studies of the composition of the intestinal microbiota and eczema in early life have yielded conflicting results. Objective: To examine the relationship between the bacterial ... -
Diversity-Oriented Synthesis Probe Targets Plasmodium falciparum Cytochrome b Ubiquinone Reduction Site and Synergizes With Oxidation Site Inhibitors
(Oxford University Press, 2014)Background. The emergence and spread of drug resistance to current antimalarial therapies remains a pressing concern, escalating the need for compounds that demonstrate novel modes of action. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis ...