Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title
Now showing items 1779-1798 of 6362
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Does social capital affect the incidence of functional disability in older Japanese? A prospective population-based cohort study
(, 2013)Background Recent increases in numbers of older people have been accompanied by increases in those with functional disability. No study has examined the association between community social capital and the onset of functional ... -
Does Social Capital Promote Physical Activity? A Population-Based Study in Japan
(2010)Background: To examine the association between individual-level social capital and physical activity.Methodology/Principal Findings: In February 2009, data were collected in a population-based cross-sectional survey in ... -
Does workplace social capital buffer the effects of job stress? A cross-sectional, multilevel analysis of cigarette smoking among U.S. manufacturing workers
(2010)Objective: To investigate whether workplace social capital buffers the association between job stress and smoking status. Methods: As part of the Harvard Cancer Prevention Project's Healthy Directions-Small Business Study, ... -
Dominant Role of Nucleotide Substitution in the Diversification of Serotype 3 Pneumococci over Decades and during a Single Infection
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Streptococcus pneumoniae of serotype 3 possess a mucoid capsule and cause disease associated with high mortality rates relative to other pneumococci. Phylogenetic analysis of a complete reference genome and 81 draft sequences ... -
Dopamine Genetic Risk Score Predicts Depressive Symptoms in Healthy Adults and Adults with Depression
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Background: Depression is a common source of human disability for which etiologic insights remain limited. Although abnormalities of monoamine neurotransmission, including dopamine, are theorized to contribute to the ... -
Dormancy and surgery-driven escape from dormancy help explain some clinical features of breast cancer
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2008)To explain bimodal relapse patterns observed in breast cancer data, we have proposed that metastatic breast cancer growth commonly includes periods of temporary dormancy at both the single cell phase and the avascular ... -
Dose-Dependent Mutation Rates Determine Optimum Erlotinib Dosing Strategies for EGFR Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
(Public Library of Science, 2015)Background: The advent of targeted therapy for cancer treatment has brought about a paradigm shift in the clinical management of human malignancies. Agents such as erlotinib used for EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer ... -
Dose–response relationship between sports activity and musculoskeletal pain in adolescents
(Wolters Kluwer, 2016)Abstract Physical activity has multiple health benefits but may also increase the risk of developing musculoskeletal pain (MSP). However, the relationship between physical activity and MSP has not been well characterized. ... -
Dose–Response Relationship of Prenatal Mercury Exposure and IQ: An Integrative Analysis of Epidemiologic Data
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2007)Background: Prenatal exposure to mercury has been associated with adverse childhood neurologic outcomes in epidemiologic studies. Dose–response information for this relationship is useful for estimating benefits of reduced ... -
Double-Jeopardy: The Joint Impact of Neighborhood Disadvantage and Low Social Cohesion on Cumulative Risk of Disease Among African American Men and Women in the Jackson Heart Study
(2016)Objectives: Few studies have examined the joint impact of neighborhood disadvantage and low social cohesion on health. Moreover, no study has considered the joint impact of these factors on a cumulative disease risk profile ... -
Downwind from the Great Tohoku Earthquake: A Call to Global Action
(Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 2011) -
Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
(MyJove Corporation, 2014)Biomarkers are directly-measured biological indicators of disease, health, exposures, or other biological information. In population and social sciences, biomarkers need to be easy to obtain, transport, and analyze. Dried ... -
Drinking frequency and quantity and risk of suicide among men
(2007)Background Individuals who die from suicide commonly have consumed alcohol immediately beforehand, often in large quantities. However, prospective cohort data on regular alcohol use as a risk factor for suicide are lacking. ... -
Driving a decade of change: HIV/AIDS, patents and access to medicines for all
(Wiley, 2011)Since 2000, access to antiretroviral drugs to treat HIV infection has dramatically increased to reach more than five million people in developing countries. Essential to this achievement was the dramatic reduction in ... -
Drug Screen Targeted at Plasmodium Liver Stages Identifies a Potent Multistage Antimalarial Drug
(Oxford University Press, 2012)Plasmodium parasites undergo a clinically silent and obligatory developmental phase in the host’s liver cells before they are able to infect erythrocytes and cause malaria symptoms. To overcome the scarcity of compounds ... -
Drug Use and Other Risk Factors Related to Lower Body Mass Index among HIV-Infected Individuals
(Elsevier, 2008)Malnutrition is associated with morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected individuals. Little research has been conducted to identify the roles that clinical, illicit drug use and socioeconomic characteristics play in the ... -
Drug-gene interactions and the search for missing heritability: a cross-sectional pharmacogenomics study of the QT interval
(2013)Variability in response to drug use is common and heritable, suggesting that genome-wide pharmacogenomics studies may help explain the “missing heritability” of complex traits. Here, we describe four independent analyses ... -
Dual roles for DNA sequence identity and the mismatch repair system in the regulation of mitotic crossing-over in yeast
(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1997)Sequence divergence acts as a potent barrier to homologous recombination; much of this barrier derives from an antirecombination activity exerted by mismatch repair proteins. An inverted repeat assay system with recombination ... -
Duration and breaks in sedentary behaviour: accelerometer data from 1566 community-dwelling older men (British Regional Heart Study)
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2015)Background: Sedentary behaviours are increasingly recognised as raising the risk of cardiovascular disease events, diabetes and mortality, independently of physical activity levels. However, little is known about patterns ... -
Duration of Lactation and Maternal Adipokines at 3 Years Postpartum
(American Diabetes Association, 2011)Objective: Lactation has been associated with reduced maternal risk of type 2 diabetes, the metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. We examined the relationship between breastfeeding duration and maternal adipokines ...