Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title
Now showing items 1931-1950 of 6362
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The effect of weather on respiratory and cardiovascular deaths in 12 U.S. cities.
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2002)We carried out time-series analyses in 12 U.S. cities to estimate both the acute effects and the lagged influence of weather on respiratory and cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths. We fit generalized additive Poisson ... -
Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Duration of Hospitalization in Tanzanian Children Presenting with Acute Pneumonia
(Oxford University Press, 2014)Background: Zinc supplementation prevents incident pneumonia in children; however, the effect for pneumonia treatment remains unclear. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of zinc supplements (daily ... -
Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Sequential Treatment of Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in the United States: A Decision Analysis
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2015)Currently several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are approved for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Our goal was to identify the optimal sequential treatment strategy in terms of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness ... -
Effectiveness of a multivitamin supplementation program among HIV-infected adults in Tanzania
(Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2018-10)Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a routine multivitamin supplementation program for adults living with HIV in Tanzania. Design: We conducted a retrospective cohort study ... -
Effectiveness of and Financial Returns to Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention in South Africa: An Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Background: Empirical studies and population-level policy simulations show the importance of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) in generalized epidemics. This paper complements available scenario-based studies ... -
Effectiveness of first-line antiretroviral therapy in the IPEC cohort, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
(BioMed Central, 2014)Background: While Brazil has had a long-standing policy of free access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all in need, the epidemiological impact of ART on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA suppression in this ... -
Effectiveness of Insecticide Spraying and Culling of Dogs on the Incidence of Leishmania infantum Infection in Humans: A Cluster Randomized Trial in Teresina, Brazil
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Background: To evaluate the effect of insecticide spraying for vector control and elimination of infected dogs on the incidence of human infection with L. infantum, a randomized community intervention trial was carried out ... -
Effectiveness of Knee Injury and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear Prevention Programs: A Meta-Analysis
(Public Library of Science, 2015)Objective: Individuals frequently involved in jumping, pivoting or cutting are at increased risk of knee injury, including anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. We sought to use meta-analytic techniques to establish ... -
Effectiveness of Patient Adherence Groups as a Model of Care for Stable Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Background: Innovative models of care are required to cope with the ever-increasing number of patients on antiretroviral therapy in the most affected countries. This study, in Khayelitsha, South Africa, evaluates the ... -
Effectiveness of prophylactic implantation of cardioverter-defibrillators without cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with ischaemic or non-ischaemic heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(Oxford University Press, 2010)Aims: Much controversy exists concerning the efficacy of primary prophylactic implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in patients with low ejection fraction due to coronary artery disease (CAD) or dilated cardiomyopathy ... -
Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Pregnancy
(Nature, 2021-09-07)To evaluate the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine among pregnant women, we conducted an observational cohort study of pregnant women 16 years or older, with no history of SARS-CoV-2, who were vaccinated between ... -
Effectiveness of the Viet Nam Produced, Mouse BrainDerived, Inactivated Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine in Northern Viet Nam
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a flaviviral disease of public health concern in many parts of Asia. JE often occurs in large epidemics, has a high case-fatality ratio and, among survivors, frequently causes ... -
Effectiveness of the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist program in reducing severe maternal, fetal, and newborn harm in Uttar Pradesh, India: study protocol for a matched-pair, cluster-randomized controlled trial
(BioMed Central, 2016)Background: Effective, scalable strategies to improve maternal, fetal, and newborn health and reduce preventable morbidity and mortality are urgently needed in low- and middle-income countries. Building on the successes ... -
The effects of a household conditional cash transfer programme on coverage and quality of antenatal care: a secondary analysis of Indonesia’s pilot programme
(BMJ, 2017)Objective To analyse the effectiveness of a household conditional cash transfer programme (CCT) on antenatal care (ANC) coverage reported by women and ANC quality reported by midwives. Design The CCT was piloted as a ... -
Effects of adding a new PCMH block rotation and resident team to existing longitudinal training within a certified PCMH: primary care residents’ attitudes, knowledge, and experience
(Dove Medical Press, 2016)Background: Although the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) model is considered important for the future of primary care in the USA, it remains unclear how best to prepare trainees for PCMH practice and leadership. ... -
Effects of Air Pollution and Blood Mitochondrial DNA Methylation on Markers of Heart Rate Variability
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2016)Background: The mitochondrion is the primary target of oxidative stress in response to exogenous environments. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is independent from nuclear DNA and uses separate epigenetic machinery to regulate ... -
Effects of air pollution on heart rate variability: the VA Normative Aging Study
(National Institue of Environmental Health Sciences, 2004)Reduced heart rate variability (HRV), a marker of poor cardiac autonomic function, has been associated with air pollution, especially fine particulate matter [< 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM\(_{2.5}\))]. We examined ... -
Effects of airborne pollutants on mitochondrial DNA Methylation
(BioMed Central, 2013)Background: Mitochondria have small mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules independent from the nuclear DNA, a separate epigenetic machinery that generates mtDNA methylation, and are primary sources of oxidative-stress ... -
Effects of Ambient Air Pollution on Functional Status in Patients with Chronic Congestive Heart Failure: a Repeated-Measures Study
(BioMed Central, 2007)Background: Studies using administrative data report a positive association between ambient air pollution and the risk of hospitalization for congestive heart failure (HF). Circulating levels of B-type natriuretic peptide ... -
Effects of Ambient Coarse, Fine, and Ultrafine Particles and Their Biological Constituents on Systemic Biomarkers: A Controlled Human Exposure Study
(NLM-Export, 2015)Background: Ambient coarse, fine, and ultrafine particles have been associated with mortality and morbidity. Few studies have compared how various particle size fractions affect systemic biomarkers. Objectives: We examined ...