Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title
Now showing items 2168-2187 of 6362
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Evaluating Public Health Interventions: 3. The Two-Stage Design for Confounding Bias Reduction—Having Your Cake and Eating It Two
(American Public Health Association, 2016)In public health evaluations, confounding bias in the estimate of the intervention effect will typically threaten the validity of the findings. It is a common misperception that the only way to avoid this bias is to measure ... -
Evaluating Public Health Interventions: 4. The Nurses’ Health Study and Methods for Eliminating Bias Attributable to Measurement Error and Misclassification
(American Public Health Association, 2016)The Nurses' Health Study and many other large longitudinal cohorts around the world use the food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary intake over time, and to relate diet to health.Controversies concerning this ... -
Evaluating Spatial Interaction Models for Regional Mobility in Sub-Saharan Africa
(Public Library of Science, 2015)Simple spatial interaction models of human mobility based on physical laws have been used extensively in the social, biological, and physical sciences, and in the study of the human dynamics underlying the spread of disease. ... -
Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of preventive zinc supplementation
(BioMed Central, 2014)Background: Even though the WHO currently recommends zinc for diarrhea management, no consensus has been reached with respect to routine distribution of zinc for preventive reasons. We reviewed the health impact of preventive ... -
Evaluating the effect of Japan’s 2004 postgraduate training programme on the spatial distribution of physicians
(BioMed Central, 2015)Background: In 2004, the Japanese government permitted medical graduates for the first time to choose their training location directly through a national matching system. While the reform has had a major impact on physicians’ ... -
Evaluating the effect of neighbourhood weight matrices on smoothing properties of Conditional Autoregressive (CAR) models
(BioMed Central, 2007)Background: The Conditional Autoregressive (CAR) model is widely used in many small-area ecological studies to analyse outcomes measured at an areal level. There has been little evaluation of the influence of different ... -
Evaluating the impact of Mexico’s drug policy reforms on people who inject drugs in Tijuana, B.C., Mexico, and San Diego, CA, United States: a binational mixed methods research agenda
(BioMed Central, 2014)Background: Policymakers and researchers seek answers to how liberalized drug policies affect people who inject drugs (PWID). In response to concerns about the failing “war on drugs,” Mexico recently implemented drug policy ... -
Evaluating the Impact of PSA as a Selection Criteria for Nerve Sparing Radical Prostatectomy in a Screened Cohort
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2014)Purpose. We investigated whether NS-RP increased risk of PSA failure and whether PSA should be included as a selection criterion for NS. Methods:. We evaluated 357 consecutive men with screen-detected PC who underwent open ... -
Evaluating the Impact of the Healthy Beverage Executive Order for City Agencies in Boston, Massachusetts, 2011–2013
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015)Introduction: Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with negative health effects. Access to healthy beverages may be promoted by policies such as the Healthy Beverage Executive Order (HBEO) established ... -
Evaluating the potential impact of enhancing HIV treatment and tuberculosis control programmes on the burden of tuberculosis
(The Royal Society, 2015)HIV has fuelled increasing tuberculosis (TB) incidence in sub-Saharan Africa. Better control of TB in this region may be achieved directly through TB programme improvements and indirectly through expanded use of antiretroviral ... -
Evaluating the quality and use of economic data in decisions about essential medicines
(World Health Organization, 2015)Abstract Objective: To evaluate the quality of economic data provided in applications to the World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines and to evaluate the role of these data in decision-making by ... -
Evaluating treatment effectiveness under model misspecification: A comparison of targeted maximum likelihood estimation with bias-corrected matching
(SAGE Publications, 2014)Statistical approaches for estimating treatment effectiveness commonly model the endpoint, or the propensity score, using parametric regressions such as generalised linear models. Misspecification of these models can lead ... -
Evaluation in Mice of a Conjugate Vaccine for Cholera Made from Vibrio cholerae O1 (Ogawa) O-Specific Polysaccharide
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Background: Protective immunity against cholera is serogroup specific. Serogroup specificity in Vibrio cholerae is determined by the O-specific polysaccharide (OSP) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Generally, polysaccharides ... -
Evaluation of 8q24 and 17q Risk Loci and Prostate Cancer Mortality
(American Association for Cancer Research, 2009)Purpose: Variants at chromosomal loci 8q24 and 17q are established risk factors for prostate cancer. Many studies have confirmed the findings for risk, but few have examined aggressiveness and other clinical variables in ... -
Evaluation of a community health worker intervention and the World Health Organization’s Option B versus Option A to improve antenatal care and PMTCT outcomes in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled health systems implementation trial
(BioMed Central, 2014)Background: Mother-to-child transmission of HIV remains an important public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. As HIV testing and linkage to PMTCT occurs in antenatal care (ANC), major challenges for any PMTCT option ... -
Evaluation of a novel food composition database that includes glutamine and other amino acids derived from gene sequencing data
(Springer Nature, 2009)Objectives: To determine the content of glutamine in major food proteins.Subjects/Methods: We used a validated 131-food item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to identify the foods that contributed the most to protein ... -
Evaluation of a Population Roster as a Source of Population Controls: The Massachusetts Resident Lists
(Oxford University Press, 1999)Published population rosters can serve as a convenient source of population controls. The authors evaluated one such roster, the Massachusetts Resident Lists, by estimating the completeness of the Lists and by describing ... -
Evaluation of a questionnaire to assess selected infectious diseases and their risk factors: Findings of a multicenter study
(Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014)Background/objectives The risk to die from an infectious disease in Germany has been continuously decreasing over the last century. Since infections are, however, not only causes of death but risk factors for diseases like ... -
Evaluation of a Typhoid/Paratyphoid Diagnostic Assay (TPTest) Detecting Anti-Salmonella IgA in Secretions of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Background: Rapid and reliable diagnostic assays for enteric (typhoid and paratyphoid) fever are urgently needed. We report the characterization of novel approach utilizing lymphocyte secretions, for diagnosing patients ... -
Evaluation of actigraphy-measured sleep patterns among children with disabilities and associations with caregivers’ educational attainment: results from a cross-sectional study
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2015)Objectives: To use wrist-actrigrphy to collect objective measures of sleep and to characterise actigraphy-measured sleep patterns among children with disabilities. We also assessed the extent to which, if at all, caregivers’ ...