Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title
Now showing items 233-252 of 6362
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Age-Specific Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA to Pneumococcal Protein Antigens in a Population in Coastal Kenya
(American Society for Microbiology, 2004)Streptococcus pneumoniae is the primary etiological agent of community-acquired pneumonia and a major cause of meningitis and bacteremia. Three conserved pneumococcal proteins-pneumolysin, pneumococcal surface adhesin A ... -
Age-specific prevalence of human papilloma virus infection among Nigerian women
(BioMed Central, 2014)Background: Inconsistent trends in HPV prevalence by age have been described in Africa. We examined the age prevalence pattern and distribution of 37 HPV-DNA types among urban Nigerian women. Methods: The study population ... -
The Age-Specific Quantitative Effects of Metabolic Risk Factors on Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Background: The effects of systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum total cholesterol (TC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and body mass index (BMI) on the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been established in ... -
Agents for fluorescence-guided glioma surgery: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical results
(Springer Vienna, 2016)Background: Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) is a technique used to enhance visualization of tumor margins in order to increase the extent of tumor resection in glioma surgery. In this paper, we systematically review all ... -
Aging and Environmental Exposures Alter Tissue-Specific DNA Methylation Dependent upon CpG Island Context
(Public Library of Science, 2009)Epigenetic control of gene transcription is critical for normal human development and cellular differentiation. While alterations of epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation have been linked to cancers and many other human ... -
Agreement of self-reported physician diagnosis of migraine with international classification of headache disorders-II migraine diagnostic criteria in a cross-sectional study of pregnant women
(BioMed Central, 2013)Background: Migraine, a common chronic-intermittent disorder among reproductive age women, has emerged as a novel risk factor for adverse perinatal outcomes. Diagnostic reliability of self-report of physician-diagnosed ... -
Agricultural settlement and soil quality in the Brazilian Amazon
(Springer Netherlands, 2011)This paper discusses the implications of poor or non-existent information on soil quality, at the proper scale, during the planning and implementation of settlement projects in the Brazilian Amazon. Based on data from the ... -
Air conditioning and source-specific particles as modifiers of the effect of PM(10) on hospital admissions for heart and lung disease.
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2002)Studies on acute effects of particulate matter (PM) air pollution show significant variability in exposure-effect relations among cities. Recent studies have shown an influence of ventilation on personal/indoor-outdoor ... -
Air Pollution and ST-Segment Depression in Elderly Subjects
(National Institue of Environmental Health Sciences, 2005)Increased levels of daily ambient particle pollution have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity. Black carbon (BC) is a measure of the traffic-related component of particles. We investigated ... -
Air pollution attributable postneonatal infant mortality in U.S. metropolitan areas: a risk assessment study
(BioMed Central, 2004)Background: The impact of outdoor air pollution on infant mortality has not been quantified. Methods: Based on exposure-response functions from a U.S. cohort study, we assessed the attributable risk of postneonatal infant ... -
Air Pollution Exposure and Abnormal Glucose Tolerance during Pregnancy: The Project Viva Cohort
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2014)Background: Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm; PM2.5) has been linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus, but associations with hyperglycemia in pregnancy have not been well studied. Methods: We studied ... -
Air pollution exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women in Massachusetts: a cohort study
(BioMed Central, 2016)Background: Rodent and human studies suggest an association between air pollution exposure and type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the extent to which air pollution is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is less ... -
Air pollution exposure and lung function in highly exposed subjects in Beijing, China: a repeated-measure study
(BioMed Central, 2014)Background: Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) has been associated with reduced lung function. Elemental components of PM have been suggested to have critical roles in PM toxicity, but their contribution to ... -
Air Pollution Exposures During Adulthood and Risk of Endometriosis in the Nurses’ Health Study II
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2013)Background: Particulate matter and proximity to large roadways may promote disease mechanisms, including systemic inflammation, hormonal alteration, and vascular proliferation, that may contribute to the development and ... -
Air Pollution, Aeroallergens, and Emergency Room Visits for Acute Respiratory Diseases and Gastroenteric Disorders among Young Children in Six Italian Cities
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2009)Background: Past studies reported evidence of associations between air pollution and respiratory symptoms and morbidity for children. Few studies examined associations between air pollution and emergency room (ER) visits ... -
Air Pollution, Smoking, and Plasma Homocysteine
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2006)Background: Mild hyperhomocysteinemia is independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Air pollution exposure induces short-term inflammatory changes that may determine hyperhomocysteinemia, ... -
The Air Quality Impacts of Road Closures Associated with the 2004 Democratic National Convention in Boston
(BioMed Central, 2006)Background: The Democratic National Convention (DNC) in Boston, Massachusetts in 2004 provided an opportunity to evaluate the impacts of a localized and short-term but potentially significant change in traffic patterns on ... -
Airborne Particulate Matter and Mitochondrial Damage: A Cross-Sectional Study
(BioMed Central, 2010)Background: Oxidative stress generation is a primary mechanism mediating the effects of Particulate Matter (PM) on human health. Although mitochondria are both the major intracellular source and target of oxidative stress, ... -
Airborne Rhinovirus Detection and Effect of Ultraviolet Irradiation on Detection by a Semi-Nested RT-PCR Assay
(BioMed Central, 2003)Background: Rhinovirus, the most common cause of upper respiratory tract infections, has been implicated in asthma exacerbations and possibly asthma deaths. Although the method of transmission of rhinoviruses is disputed, ... -
Airplane pilot mental health and suicidal thoughts: a cross-sectional descriptive study via anonymous web-based survey
(BioMed Central, 2016)Background: The Germanwings Flight 9525 crash has brought the sensitive subject of airline pilot mental health to the forefront in aviation. Globally, 350 million people suffer from depression–a common mental disorder. ...