Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title

Now showing items 2929-2948 of 6362

    • HIV associated high-risk HPV infection among Nigerian women 

      Akarolo-Anthony, Sally N; Al-Mujtaba, Maryam; Famooto, Ayotunde O; Dareng, Eileen O; Olaniyan, Olayinka B; Offiong, Richard; Wheeler, Cosette M; Adebamowo, Clement A (BioMed Central, 2013)
      Background: In developed countries, the incidence of cervical cancer has remained stable in HIV+ women but the prevalence and multiplicity of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) infection, a necessary cause of cervical cancer, appears ...

    • HIV burden in men who have sex with men: a prospective cohort study 2007–2012 

      Jia, Zhongwei; Huang, Xiaojie; Wu, Hao; Zhang, Tong; Li, Ning; Ding, Peipei; Sun, Yixuan; Liu, Zhiying; Wei, Feili; Zhang, Hongwei; Jiao, Yanmei; Ji, Yunxia; Zhang, Yonghong; Guo, Caiping; Li, Wei; Mou, Danlei; Xia, Wei; Li, Zhen; Chen, Dexi; Yan, Huiping; Chen, Xinyue; Zhao, Jinkou; Meyers, Kathrine; Cohen, Ted; Mayer, Kenneth Hugh; Salomon, Joshua A.; Lu, Zuhong; Dye, Christopher (Nature Publishing Group, 2015)
      We conducted a prospective cohort study among HIV-negative MSM aged 18 years or older between 2007 and 2012 in Beijing, China to measure the rates of incident HIV and identify risk factors for infection. Among 5,800 ...

    • The HIV care cascade: models, measures and moving forward 

      MacCarthy, Sarah; Hoffmann, Michael; Ferguson, Laura; Nunn, Amy; Irvin, Risha; Bangsberg, David; Gruskin, Sofia; Dourado, Ines (International AIDS Society, 2015)
      Introduction: This article seeks to identify where delays occur along the adult HIV care cascade (“the cascade”), to improve understanding of what constitutes “delay” at each stage of the cascade and how this can be measured ...

    • HIV Cure Strategies: How Good Must They Be to Improve on Current Antiretroviral Therapy? 

      Sax, Paul E.; Sypek, Alexis; Berkowitz, Bethany K.; Morris, Bethany L.; Losina, Elena; Paltiel, A. David; Kelly, Kathleen A.; Seage, George R.; Walensky, Rochelle P.; Weinstein, Milton C.; Eron, Joseph; Freedberg, Kenneth A. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Background: We examined efficacy, toxicity, relapse, cost, and quality-of-life thresholds of hypothetical HIV cure interventions that would make them cost-effective compared to life-long antiretroviral therapy (ART). ...

    • HIV Protective Efficacy and Correlates of Tenofovir Blood Concentrations in a Clinical Trial of PrEP for HIV Prevention 

      Donnell, Deborah; Baeten, Jared M.; Bumpus, Namandjé N.; Brantley, Justin; Bangsberg, David R.; Haberer, Jessica E.; Mujugira, Andrew; Mugo, Nelly; Ndase, Patrick; Hendrix, Craig; Celum, Connie (JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2014)
      Background: Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a novel HIV prevention strategy for which adherence is a known determinant of efficacy. Blood concentrations of PrEP medications are one objective marker of ...

    • HIV Status Disclosure through Family-Based Intervention Supports Parenting and Child Mental Health in Rwanda 

      Chaudhury, Sumona; Kirk, Catherine M.; Ingabire, Charles; Mukunzi, Sylvere; Nyirandagijimana, Beatha; Godfrey, Kalisa; Brennan, Robert Thomas; Betancourt, Theresa Stichick (Frontiers Media SA, 2016)
      Introduction: Few evidence-based interventions exist to support parenting and child mental health during the process of caregiver HIV status disclosure in sub-Saharan Africa. A secondary analysis of a randomized-controlled ...

    • HIV Treatment as Prevention: Issues in Economic Evaluation 

      Bärnighausen, Till; Salomon, Joshua A.; Sangrujee, Nalinee (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Meyer-Rath and Over assert in another article in the July 2012 PLoS Medicine Collection, “Investigating the Impact of Treatment on New HIV Infections”, that economic evaluations of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in currently ...

    • HIV Treatment as Prevention: Systematic Comparison of Mathematical Models of the Potential Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV Incidence in South Africa 

      Eaton, Jeffrey W.; Johnson, Leigh F.; Salomon, Joshua A.; Bärnighausen, Till; Bendavid, Eran; Bershteyn, Anna; Bloom, David E.; Cambiano, Valentina; Fraser, Christophe; Hontelez, Jan A. C.; Humair, Salal; Klein, Daniel J.; Long, Elisa F.; Phillips, Andrew N.; Pretorius, Carel; Stover, John; Wenger, Edward A.; Williams, Brian G.; Hallett, Timothy B. (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Background: Many mathematical models have investigated the impact of expanding access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) on new HIV infections. Comparing results and conclusions across models is challenging because models ...

    • HIV Treatment-as-Prevention Research at a Crossroads 

      Bärnighausen, Till; Eyal, Nir; Wikler, Daniel (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      In light of changing WHO guidelines for HIV treatment, Till Bärnighausen and colleagues consider how large-scale HIV treatment-as-prevention trials can be adapted so that they can remain viable. Please see later in the ...

    • HIV Treatment-As-Prevention Research: Authors’ Reply 

      Bärnighausen, Till; Eyal, Nir; Wikler, Dan (Public Library of Science, 2015)
      Till Bärnighausen and colleagues respond to comments by the HPTN 071 (PopART) Study Team, noting the distinction between the different HIV prevention questions the trial will attempt to answer.

    • HIV-1 drug mutations in children from northern Tanzania 

      Shao, Elichilia R.; Kifaro, Emmanuel G.; Chilumba, Innocent B.; Nyombi, Balthazar M.; Moyo, Sikhulile; Gaseitsiwe, Simani; Musonda, Rosemary; Johannessen, Asgeir; Kibiki, Gibson; Essex, Max (Oxford University Press, 2014)
      Objectives: In resource-limited settings, it is a challenge to get quality clinical specimens due to poor infrastructure for their collection, transportation, processing and storage. Using dried blood spots (DBS) might be ...

    • HIV-1 persistence in CD4+ T cells with stem cell-like properties 

      Buzon, Maria J.; Sun, Hong; Li, Chun; Shaw, Amy; Seiss, Katherine; Ouyang, Zhengyu; Martin-Gayo, Enrique; Leng, Jin; Henrich, Timothy J.; Li, Jonathan Z.; Pereyra, Florencia; Zurakowski, Ryan; Walker, Bruce D.; Rosenberg, Eric S.; Yu, Xu G.; Lichterfeld, Mathias (2014)
      Cellular HIV-1 reservoirs that persist despite antiretroviral treatment are incompletely defined. We show that during suppressive antiretroviral therapy, CD4+ T memory stem cells (TSCM) harbor high per-cell levels of HIV-1 ...

    • HIV-1 pol Diversity among Female Bar and Hotel Workers in Northern Tanzania 

      Kiwelu, Ireen E.; Novitsky, Vladimir; Kituma, Elimsaada; Margolin, Lauren; Baca, Jeannie; Manongi, Rachel; Sam, Noel; Shao, John; McLane, Mary F.; Kapiga, Saidi H.; Essex, M. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      A national ART program was launched in Tanzania in October 2004. Due to the existence of multiple HIV-1 subtypes and recombinant viruses co-circulating in Tanzania, it is important to monitor rates of drug resistance. The ...

    • HIV-1 Replication Is Differentially Regulated by Distinct Clinical Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 

      Ranjbar, Shahin; Boshoff, Helena I.; Mulder, Amara; Siddiqi, Noman; Rubin, Eric J.; Goldfeld, Anne E.; Sandberg, Johan K. (Public Library of Science, 2009)
      Background: Tuberculosis ( TB) is the largest cause of death in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, having claimed an estimated one third to one half of the 30 million AIDS deaths that have occurred ...

    • HIV-1 RNA Levels and Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in Blood and Non-Blood Compartments from HIV-1–Infected Men and Women enrolled in AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5077 

      Kantor, Rami; Bettendorf, Daniel; Bosch, Ronald J.; Mann, Marita; Katzenstein, David; Cu-Uvin, Susan; D’Aquila, Richard; Frenkel, Lisa; Fiscus, Susan; Coombs, Robert (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Background: Detectable HIV-1 in body compartments can lead to transmission and antiretroviral resistance. Although sex differences in viral shedding have been demonstrated, mechanisms and magnitude are unclear. We compared ...

    • HIV-1 Subtype C Phylodynamics in the Global Epidemic 

      Novitsky, Vladimir A.; Wang, Rui; Lagakos, Stephen; Essex, Myron Elmer (MDPI AG, 2010)
      The diversity of HIV-1 and its propensity to generate escape mutants present fundamental challenges to control efforts, including HIV vaccine design. Intra-host diversification of HIV is determined by immune responses ...

    • HIV-1 Subtype C-Infected Individuals Maintaining High Viral Load as Potential Targets for the “Test-and-Treat” Approach to Reduce HIV Transmission 

      Baum, Marianna; Thior, Ibou; Asmelash, Aida; Campa, Adriana; van Widenfelt, Erik; Mine, Madisa; Moffat, Claire; Mmalane, Mompati; Gilbert, Peter; Novitsky, Vladimir A.; Wang, Rui; Bussmann, Hermann; Lockman, Shahin; Shapiro, Roger L.; Wester, Carolyn Negley; Wester, C William; Ogwu, Anthony; Musonda, Rosemary Mubanga; Moyo, Sikhulile; Makhema, Joseph Moeketsi; Marlink, Richard George; Seage, George R.; De Gruttola, Victor Gerard; Essex, Myron Elmer (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      The first aim of the study is to assess the distribution of HIV-1 RNA levels in subtype C infection. Among 4,348 drug-naïve HIV-positive individuals participating in clinical studies in Botswana, the median baseline plasma ...

    • HIV-1 Subtypes and Recombinants in Northern Tanzania: Distribution of Viral Quasispecies 

      Kiwelu, Ireen E.; Novitsky, Vladimir A.; Margolin, Lauren; Baca, Jeannie; Manongi, Rachel; Sam, Noel; Shao, John; McLane, Mary Frances; Kapiga, Saidi Hussein; Essex, Myron Elmer (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      This study analyzed the distribution and prevalence of HIV-1 subtypes, multiplicity of HIV-1 infection, and frequency of inter-subtype recombination among HIV-1-infected female bar and hotel workers in Moshi, Kilimanjaro ...

    • HIV-exposed children account for more than half of 24-month mortality in Botswana 

      Zash, Rebecca; Souda, Sajini; Leidner, Jean; Ribaudo, Heather; Binda, Kelebogile; Moyo, Sikhulile; Powis, Kathleen M.; Petlo, Chipo; Mmalane, Mompati; Makhema, Joe; Essex, Max; Lockman, Shahin; Shapiro, Roger (BioMed Central, 2016)
      Background: The contribution of HIV-exposure to childhood mortality in a setting with widespread antiretroviral treatment (ART) availability has not been determined. Methods: From January 2012 to March 2013, mothers were ...

    • HLA Alleles Associated with Delayed Progression to AIDS Contribute Strongly to the Initial CD8+ T Cell Response against HIV-1 

      Kalife, Elizabeth T; Qi, Ying; Johnston, Mary N; Burgett, Nicole; Swartz, Martha E; Yang, Amy; Rockstroh, Juergen K; Jessen, Heiko; Carrington, Mary; Altfeld, Marcus; Streeck, Hendrik; Lichterfeld, Mathias; Alter, Galit; Yu, Xu; Meier, Angela; Allen, Todd; Rosenberg, Eric Scott; Walker, Bruce David (Public Library of Science, 2006)
      Background: Very little is known about the immunodominance patterns of HIV-1-specific T cell responses during primary HIV-1 infection and the reasons for human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) modulation of disease progression. ...