Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title

Now showing items 2942-2961 of 6362

    • HIV-1 Replication Is Differentially Regulated by Distinct Clinical Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 

      Ranjbar, Shahin; Boshoff, Helena I.; Mulder, Amara; Siddiqi, Noman; Rubin, Eric J.; Goldfeld, Anne E.; Sandberg, Johan K. (Public Library of Science, 2009)
      Background: Tuberculosis ( TB) is the largest cause of death in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, having claimed an estimated one third to one half of the 30 million AIDS deaths that have occurred ...

    • HIV-1 RNA Levels and Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in Blood and Non-Blood Compartments from HIV-1–Infected Men and Women enrolled in AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5077 

      Kantor, Rami; Bettendorf, Daniel; Bosch, Ronald J.; Mann, Marita; Katzenstein, David; Cu-Uvin, Susan; D’Aquila, Richard; Frenkel, Lisa; Fiscus, Susan; Coombs, Robert (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Background: Detectable HIV-1 in body compartments can lead to transmission and antiretroviral resistance. Although sex differences in viral shedding have been demonstrated, mechanisms and magnitude are unclear. We compared ...

    • HIV-1 Subtype C Phylodynamics in the Global Epidemic 

      Novitsky, Vladimir A.; Wang, Rui; Lagakos, Stephen; Essex, Myron Elmer (MDPI AG, 2010)
      The diversity of HIV-1 and its propensity to generate escape mutants present fundamental challenges to control efforts, including HIV vaccine design. Intra-host diversification of HIV is determined by immune responses ...

    • HIV-1 Subtype C-Infected Individuals Maintaining High Viral Load as Potential Targets for the “Test-and-Treat” Approach to Reduce HIV Transmission 

      Baum, Marianna; Thior, Ibou; Asmelash, Aida; Campa, Adriana; van Widenfelt, Erik; Mine, Madisa; Moffat, Claire; Mmalane, Mompati; Gilbert, Peter; Novitsky, Vladimir A.; Wang, Rui; Bussmann, Hermann; Lockman, Shahin; Shapiro, Roger L.; Wester, Carolyn Negley; Wester, C William; Ogwu, Anthony; Musonda, Rosemary Mubanga; Moyo, Sikhulile; Makhema, Joseph Moeketsi; Marlink, Richard George; Seage, George R.; De Gruttola, Victor Gerard; Essex, Myron Elmer (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      The first aim of the study is to assess the distribution of HIV-1 RNA levels in subtype C infection. Among 4,348 drug-naïve HIV-positive individuals participating in clinical studies in Botswana, the median baseline plasma ...

    • HIV-1 Subtypes and Recombinants in Northern Tanzania: Distribution of Viral Quasispecies 

      Kiwelu, Ireen E.; Novitsky, Vladimir A.; Margolin, Lauren; Baca, Jeannie; Manongi, Rachel; Sam, Noel; Shao, John; McLane, Mary Frances; Kapiga, Saidi Hussein; Essex, Myron Elmer (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      This study analyzed the distribution and prevalence of HIV-1 subtypes, multiplicity of HIV-1 infection, and frequency of inter-subtype recombination among HIV-1-infected female bar and hotel workers in Moshi, Kilimanjaro ...

    • HIV-exposed children account for more than half of 24-month mortality in Botswana 

      Zash, Rebecca; Souda, Sajini; Leidner, Jean; Ribaudo, Heather; Binda, Kelebogile; Moyo, Sikhulile; Powis, Kathleen M.; Petlo, Chipo; Mmalane, Mompati; Makhema, Joe; Essex, Max; Lockman, Shahin; Shapiro, Roger (BioMed Central, 2016)
      Background: The contribution of HIV-exposure to childhood mortality in a setting with widespread antiretroviral treatment (ART) availability has not been determined. Methods: From January 2012 to March 2013, mothers were ...

    • HLA Alleles Associated with Delayed Progression to AIDS Contribute Strongly to the Initial CD8+ T Cell Response against HIV-1 

      Kalife, Elizabeth T; Qi, Ying; Johnston, Mary N; Burgett, Nicole; Swartz, Martha E; Yang, Amy; Rockstroh, Juergen K; Jessen, Heiko; Carrington, Mary; Altfeld, Marcus; Streeck, Hendrik; Lichterfeld, Mathias; Alter, Galit; Yu, Xu; Meier, Angela; Allen, Todd; Rosenberg, Eric Scott; Walker, Bruce David (Public Library of Science, 2006)
      Background: Very little is known about the immunodominance patterns of HIV-1-specific T cell responses during primary HIV-1 infection and the reasons for human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) modulation of disease progression. ...

    • HLA-A is a Predictor of Hepatitis B e Antigen Status in HIV-Positive African Adults 

      Matthews, Philippa C.; Carlson, Jonathan M.; Beloukas, Apostolos; Malik, Amna; Jooste, Pieter; Ogwu, Anthony; Shapiro, Roger; Riddell, Lynn; Chen, Fabian; Luzzi, Graz; Jesuthasan, Gerald; Jeffery, Katie; Jojic, Nebojsa; Ndung'u, Thumbi; Carrington, Mary; Goulder, Philip J. R.; Geretti, Anna Maria; Klenerman, Paul (Oxford University Press, 2015)
      Outcomes of chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) are varied, with increased morbidity reported in the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection. The factors driving different outcomes are not well ...

    • Home endotoxin exposure and wheeze in infants: correction for bias due to exposure measurement error 

      Horick, Nora; Weller, Edie A.; Milton, Donald Kirby; Gold, Diane R.; Li, Ruifeng; Spiegelman, Donna Lynn (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2005)
      Exposure to elevated levels of endotoxin in family-room dust was previously observed to be significantly associated with increased wheeze in the first year of life among a cohort of 404 children in the Boston, Massachusetts, ...

    • Homocysteine and Carotid Plaque Stability: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Adults 

      Yang, Xin; Zhou, Yong; Liu, Chao; Gao, Xiang; Wang, Anxin; Guo, Yuming; Li, Wen; Zhao, Xingquan; Liang, Wannian (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Background and Purpose This study aimed to explore the possible association of plasma total homocysteine with carotid plaque stability. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2010 to 2011. A stratified random ...

    • Horizontal Inequity in Elderly Health Care Utilization: Evidence from India 

      Joe, William; Rudra, Shalini; Subramanian, S.V. Venkata (Korean Academy of Medical Sciences (KAMJE), 2015)
      Against the backdrop of population aging, this paper presents the analysis of need-standardised health care utilization among elderly in India. Based on nationally representative morbidity and health care survey 2004, we ...

    • A hormone complex of FABP4 and nucleoside kinases regulates islet function 

      Prentice, Kacey J.; Saksi, Jani Pertti Kristian; Robertson, Lauren T.; Lee, Grace Y.; Inouye, Karen; Eguchi, Kosei; Lee, Alexandra; Cakici, Ozgur; Otterbeck, Emily; Cedillo, Paulina; Achenbach, Peter; Ziegler, Anette-Gabriele; Calay, Ediz; Engin, Feyza; Hotamisligil, Gökhan S.; Hotamisligil, Gokhan (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021-12-08)
      Liberation of energy stores from adipocytes is critical to support survival in times of energy deficit, however, uncontrolled or chronic lipolysis associated with insulin resistance and/or insulin insufficiency, disrupts ...

    • Hormone Levels During Dietary Changes in Premenopausal African-American Women 

      Woods, Margo N.; Barnett, Junaidah B.; Spiegelman, Donna; Trail, Nancy; Hertzmark, Ellen; Longcope, Christopher; Gorbach, Sherwood L. (Oxford University Press, 1996)
      Background: In the United States, 5-year survival rates of 69% and 84%, respectively, have recently been reported for African-American and Caucasian women diagnosed with breast cancer, Differences in the levels of endogenous ...

    • Hospice Use Following Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation in Older Patients: Results From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry 

      Kramer, Daniel B.; Reynolds, Matthew R.; Normand, Sharon-Lise; Parzynski, Craig S.; Spertus, John A.; Mor, Vincent; Mitchell, Susan L. (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016)
      Background— Older recipients of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are at increased risk for short-term mortality in comparison with younger patients. Although hospice use is common among decedents aged >65, ...

    • Hospital Acquired Pneumonia Is Linked to Right Hemispheric Peri-Insular Stroke 

      Kemmling, André; Lev, Michael H.; Payabvash, Seyedmehdi; Betensky, Rebecca A.; Qian, Jing; Masrur, Shihab; Schwamm, Lee H. (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Purpose Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) is a major complication of stroke. We sought to determine associations between infarction of specific brain regions and HAP. Methods: 215 consecutive acute stroke patients with HAP ...

    • Hospital Based Emergency Department Visits Attributed to Child Physical Abuse in United States: Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality 

      Allareddy, Veerajalandhar; Asad, Rahimullah; Lee, Min Kyeong; Nalliah, Romesh P.; Rampa, Sankeerth; Speicher, David G.; Rotta, Alexandre T.; Allareddy, Veerasathpurush (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Objectives: To describe nationally representative outcomes of physical abuse injuries in children necessitating Emergency Department (ED) visits in United States. The impact of various injuries on mortality is examined. ...

    • Hospital Differences in Cesarean Deliveries in Massachusetts (US) 2004–2006: The Case against Case-Mix Artifact 

      Cáceres, Isabel A.; Arcaya, Mariana C; Declercq, Eugene; Belanoff, Candice M.; Janakiraman, Vanitha; Cohen, Bruce; Ecker, Jeffrey Lawrence; Smith, Lauren A.; Subramanian, S.V. Venkata (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Objective: We examined the extent to which differences in hospital-level cesarean delivery rates in Massachusetts were attributable to hospital-level, rather than maternal, characteristics. Methods: Birth certificate and ...

    • Hospitals, Market Share, and Consolidation 

      Cutler, David M.; Scott Morton, Fiona (American Medical Association (AMA), 2013)

    • Host and Bacterial Proteins That Repress Recruitment of LC3 to Shigella Early during Infection 

      Baxt, Leigh A.; Goldberg, Marcia B. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Shigella spp. are intracytosolic gram-negative pathogens that cause disease by invasion and spread through the colonic mucosa, utilizing host cytoskeletal components to form propulsive actin tails. We have previously ...

    • Household and Community Socioeconomic and Environmental Determinants of Child Nutritional Status in Cameroon 

      Pongou, Roland; Ezzati, Majid; Salomon, Joshua A. (BioMed Central, 2006)
      Background: Undernutrition is a leading cause of child mortality in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. We examine the household and community level socioeconomic and environmental factors associated ...