Now showing items 856-875 of 6362

    • A Brief Targeted Review of Susceptibility Factors, Environmental Exposures, Asthma Incidence, and Recommendations for Future Asthma Incidence Research 

      Yeatts, Karin; Sly, Peter; Martinez, Fernando; Geller, Andrew; Bromberg, Philip; Enright, Paul; Koren, Hillel; Weissman, David; Selgrade, MaryJane; Shore, Stephanie; Weiss, Scott Tillman (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2006)
      Relative to research on effects of environmental exposures on exacerbation of existing asthma, little research on incident asthma and environmental exposures has been conducted. However, this research is needed to better ...
    • The Bright Side and Dark Side of Workplace Social Capital: Opposing Effects of Gender on Overweight among Japanese Employees 

      Kobayashi, Tomoko; Suzuki, Etsuji; Oksanen, Tuula; Kawachi, Ichiro; Takao, Soshi (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Background: A growing number of studies have sought to examine the health associations of workplace social capital; however, evidence of associations with overweight is sparse. We examined the association between individual ...
    • A broad analysis of resistance development in the malaria parasite 

      Corey, Victoria C.; Lukens, Amanda K.; Istvan, Eva S.; Lee, Marcus C. S.; Franco, Virginia; Magistrado, Pamela; Coburn-Flynn, Olivia; Sakata-Kato, Tomoyo; Fuchs, Olivia; Gnädig, Nina F.; Goldgof, Greg; Linares, Maria; Gomez-Lorenzo, Maria G.; De Cózar, Cristina; Lafuente-Monasterio, Maria Jose; Prats, Sara; Meister, Stephan; Tanaseichuk, Olga; Wree, Melanie; Zhou, Yingyao; Willis, Paul A.; Gamo, Francisco-Javier; Goldberg, Daniel E.; Fidock, David A.; Wirth, Dyann F.; Winzeler, Elizabeth A. (Nature Publishing Group, 2016)
      Microbial resistance to chemotherapy has caused countless deaths where malaria is endemic. Chemotherapy may fail either due to pre-existing resistance or evolution of drug-resistant parasites. Here we use a diverse set of ...
    • Broad and Gag-Biased HIV-1 Epitope Repertoires are Associated with Lower Viral Loads 

      Rolland, Morgane; Heckerman, David; Deng, Wenjie; Rousseau, Christine M.; Coovadia, Hoosen; Bishop, Karen; Goulder, Philip J.; Walker, Bruce David; Brander, Christian; Mullins, James I. (Public Library of Science, 2008)
      Background: HLA class-I alleles differ in their ability to control HIV replication through cell-mediated immune responses. No consistent associations have been found between the breadth of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL) ...
    • Broad Conditions Favor the Evolution of Phase-Variable Loci 

      Palmer, Mark A.; Lipsitch, Marc; Moxon, E. R.; Bayliss, C. D. (American Society for Microbiology, 2013)
      Simple sequence repeat (SSR) tracts produce stochastic on-off switching, or phase variation, in the expression of a panoply of surface molecules in many bacterial commensals and pathogens. A change to the number of repeats ...
    • Bronchospasm and its Biophysical Basis in Airway Smooth Muscle 

      Fredberg, Jeffrey J. (BioMed Central, 2004)
      Airways hyperresponsiveness is a cardinal feature of asthma but remains unexplained. In asthma, the airway smooth muscle cell is the key end-effector of bronchospasm and acute airway narrowing, but in just the past five ...
    • Brown Adipose Tissue Activation Is Inversely Related to Central Obesity and Metabolic Parameters in Adult Human 

      Wang, Qidi; Zhang, Min; Xu, Min; Gu, Weiqiong; Xi, Yun; Qi, Lu; Li, Biao; Wang, Weiqing (Public Library of Science, 2015)
      Background: Recent studies have shown that adult human possess active brown adipose tissue (BAT), which might be important in affecting obesity. However, the supporting evidence on the relationship between BAT and central ...
    • Brown adipose tissue thermogenic adaptation requires Nrf1-mediated proteasomal activity 

      Bartelt, Alexander; Widenmaier, Scott Bradley; Schlein, Christian; Johann, Kornelia; Goncalves, Renata L.S.; Eguchi, Kosei; Fischer, Alexander W; Parlakgul, Gunes; Snyder, Nicole; Nguyen, Truc B; Bruns, Oliver T; Franke, Daniel; Bawendi, Moungi G; Lynes, Matthew David; Leiria, Luiz O; Tseng, Yu-Hua; Inouye, Karen; Arruda, Ana Paula; Hotamisligil, Gokhan S. (Springer Nature, 2018)
      Objective Brown adipose tissue (BAT) generates heat in response to cold, and low BAT activity has been linked to obesity. However, recent studies were inconclusive as to whether BAT is involved in diet‐induced thermogenesis ...
    • Brown fat activation reduces hypercholesterolaemia and protects from atherosclerosis development 

      Berbée, Jimmy F. P.; Boon, Mariëtte R; Khedoe, P. Padmini S. J.; Bartelt, Alexander; Schlein, Christian; Worthmann, Anna; Kooijman, Sander; Hoeke, Geerte; Mol, Isabel M.; John, Clara; Jung, Caroline; Vazirpanah, Nadia; Brouwers, Linda P.J.; Gordts, Philip L.S.M.; Esko, Jeffrey D.; Hiemstra, Pieter S.; Havekes, Louis M.; Scheja, Ludger; Heeren, Joerg; Rensen, Patrick C.N. (Nature Pub. Group, 2015)
      Brown adipose tissue (BAT) combusts high amounts of fatty acids, thereby lowering plasma triglyceride levels and reducing obesity. However, the precise role of BAT in plasma cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis ...
    • The Brown Primary Care Initiative Design for Strategies towards Patient- Centered Medical Home Practice Transformation 

      Parker, Donna R; Goldman, Roberta E.; Brown, Joanna; Hewitt, Scott; Frazzano, Arthur; Shield, Renee; Eaton, Charles B.; Adewale, Victoria; Borkan, Jeffrey M. (OMICS Publishing Group, 2014)
      Introduction: Primary care providers are needed who provide cost-effective, comprehensive care that is teambased and patient-centered (i.e., Patient-Centered Medical Homes-PCMH). Although PCMH implementation is underway ...
    • Building an evidence base on mental health interventions for children affected by armed conflict 

      Betancourt, Theresa Stichick; Williams, Timothy (Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2008)
      This paper reviews what is currently known from research about the effectiveness of interventions to address mental health problems in children and adolescents affected by armed conflict. The focus will be on interventions ...
    • Building capacity in health facility management: guiding principles for skills transfer in Liberia 

      Rowe, Laura A; Brillant, Sister Barbara; Cleveland, Emily; Dahn, Bernice T; Ramanadhan, Shoba; Podesta, Mae; Bradley, Elizabeth H (Springer Nature, 2010)
    • Building laboratory capacity to support HIV care in Nigeria: Harvard/APIN PEPFAR, 2004–2012 

      Hamel, Donald J.; Sankalé, Jean-Louis; Samuels, Jay Osi; Sarr, Abdoulaye D.; Chaplin, Beth; Ofuche, Eke; Meloni, Seema T.; Okonkwo, Prosper; Kanki, Phyllis J. (2015)
      Introduction: From 2004–2012, the Harvard/AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria, funded through the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief programme, scaled up HIV care and treatment services in Nigeria. We describe ...
    • Burden of antimicrobial resistance: compared to what? 

      de Kraker, Marlieke E. A.; Lipsitch, Marc (2020)
      Background There has been an increased focus on the public health burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This raises conceptual challenges such as determining how much harm multi-drug resistant organisms do compared ...
    • Burden of disease and costs of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in the European Union: an updated analysis 

      Trasande, L.; Zoeller, R. T.; Hass, U.; Kortenkamp, A.; Grandjean, Philippe; Myers, J. P.; DiGangi, J.; Hunt, P. M.; Rudel, R.; Sathyanarayana, S.; Bellanger, M.; Hauser, R.; Legler, J.; Skakkebaek, N. E.; Heindel, J. J. (Wiley-Blackwell, 2016)
      A previous report documented that endocrine disrupting chemicals contribute substantially to certain forms of disease and disability. In the present analysis, our main objective was to update a range of health and economic ...
    • The Burden of Disease and Injury in the United States 1996 

      Begg, Stephen; Tomijima, Niels; Majmudar, Meghna; Bulzacchelli, Maria T; Ebrahim, Shahul; Gaber Kreiser, Jessica; Hogan, Mollie; Michaud, Catherine M.; McKenna, Matthew; Ezzati, Majid; Salomon, Joshua A.; Murray, Christopher (BioMed Central, 2006)
      Background: Burden of disease studies have been implemented in many countries using the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) to assess major health problems. Important objectives of the study were to quantify intra-country ...
    • The burden of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: a four-country cross sectional study 

      Guwatudde, David; Nankya-Mutyoba, Joan; Kalyesubula, Robert; Laurence, Carien; Adebamowo, Clement; Ajayi, IkeOluwapo; Bajunirwe, Francis; Njelekela, Marina; Chiwanga, Faraja S.; Reid, Todd; Volmink, Jimmy; Adami, Hans-Olov; Holmes, Michelle D.; Dalal, Shona (BioMed Central, 2015)
      Background: Hypertension, the leading single cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is a growing public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Few studies have estimated and compared the burden of hypertension ...
    • The Burden of Oral Disease among Perinatally HIV-Infected and HIV-Exposed Uninfected Youth 

      Moscicki, Anna-Barbara; Yao, Tzy-Jyun; Ryder, Mark I.; Russell, Jonathan S.; Dominy, Stephen S.; Patel, Kunjal; McKenna, Matt; Van Dyke, Russell B.; Seage, George R.; Hazra, Rohan (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Objective: To compare oral health parameters in perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) and perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected youth (PHEU). Methods: In a cross-sectional substudy within the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study, ...
    • The burden of pediatric diarrhea: a cross-sectional study of incurred costs and perceptions of cost among Bolivian families 

      Burke, Rachel M; Rebolledo, Paulina A; Embrey, Sally R; Wagner, Laura; Cowden, Carter L; Kelly, Fiona M; Smith, Emily Rose; Iñiguez, Volga; Leon, Juan (Springer Science + Business Media, 2013)
      Background: Worldwide, acute gastroenteritis represents an enormous public health threat to children under five years of age, causing one billion episodes and 1.9 to 3.2 million deaths per year. In Bolivia, which has one ...
    • Burden of severe maternal morbidity and association with adverse birth outcomes in sub–Saharan Africa and south Asia: protocol for a prospective cohort study. 

      Fawzi, Wafaie W. (Edinburgh University Global Health Society, 2016)
      OBJECTIVES: The AMANHI morbidity study aims to quantify and describe severe maternal morbidities and assess their associations with adverse maternal, fetal and newborn outcomes in predominantly rural areas of nine sites ...