Now showing items 1458-1477 of 6362

    • Daily Zinc but Not Multivitamin Supplementation Reduces Diarrhea and Upper Respiratory Infections in Tanzanian Infants: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial 

      McDonald, Christine; Manji, Karim; Kisenge, Rodrick; Aboud, Said; Spiegelman, Donna; Fawzi, Wafaie; Duggan, Christopher (Oxford University Press, 2015)
      Background: Although various micronutrient regimens have been shown to prevent and treat common infectious diseases in children, the effects of daily multivitamin (MV) and/or zinc supplementation have not been widely ...
    • Dairy calcium intake, serum vitamin D, and successful weight loss 

      Shahar, D. R.; Schwarzfuchs, D.; Fraser, D.; Vardi, H.; Thiery, J.; Fiedler, G. M.; Bluher, M.; Stumvoll, M.; Stampfer, Meir; Shai, I. (Oxford University Press, 2010)
      Background The role 01 dairy calcium intake and scrum vitamin D concentrations in weight loss is controversialObjective The objective was to assess the association of dairy calcium intake and serum vitamin D with weight ...
    • Dairy consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: 3 cohorts of US adults and an updated meta-analysis 

      Chen, Mu; Sun, Qi; Giovannucci, Edward; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Manson, JoAnn E; Willett, Walter C; Hu, Frank B (BioMed Central, 2014)
      Background: The relation between consumption of different types of dairy and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between total dairy and individual types of dairy ...
    • Dairy fat and risk of cardiovascular disease in 3 cohorts of US adults 

      Chen, Mu; Li, Yanping; Sun, Qi; Pan, An; Manson, JoAnn; Rexrode, Kathryn; Willett, Walter C.::94559ea206eef8a8844fc5b80654fa5b::600; Rimm, Eric Bruce::0ab2926c8242f35e5a982e3cf59f4987::600; Hu, Frank (Oxford University Press, 2016)
      Background: Few prospective studies have examined dairy fat in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objective: We aimed to evaluate the association between dairy fat and incident CVD in US adults. Design: We followed ...
    • Dairy foods and nutrients in relation to risk of ovarian cancer and major histological subtypes 

      Merritt, Melissa A.; Cramer, Daniel William; Vitonis, Allison F.; Titus, Linda J.; Terry, Kathryn Lynne (Wiley-Blackwell, 2012)
      Inconsistent results for the role of dairy food intake in relation to ovarian cancer risk may reflect the potential adverse effects of lactose, which has been hypothesized to increase gonadotropin levels, and the beneficial ...
    • Dairy Foods, Calcium, and Colorectal Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 10 Cohort Studies 

      Cho, E.; Smith-Warner, S. A.; Spiegelman, D.; Beeson, W. L.; van den Brandt, P. A.; Colditz, G. A.; Folsom, A. R.; Fraser, G. E.; Freudenheim, J. L.; Giovannucci, E.; Goldbohm, R. A.; Graham, S.; Miller, A. B.; Pietinen, P.; Potter, J. D.; Rohan, T. E.; Terry, P.; Toniolo, P.; Virtanen, M. J.; Willett, Walter C.::94559ea206eef8a8844fc5b80654fa5b::600; Wolk, A.; Wu, K.; Yaun, S.-S.; Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A.; Hunter, D. J. (Oxford University Press, 2004)
      Background. Studies in animals have suggested that calcium may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. However, results from epidemiologic studies of intake of calcium or dairy foods and colorectal cancer risk have been ...
    • Dairy intake after prostate cancer diagnosis in relation to disease-specific and total mortality 

      Yang, Meng; Kenfield, Stacey; Van Blarigan, Erin L.; Wilson, Kathryn; Batista, Julie; Sesso, Howard; Ma, Jing; Stampfer, Meir; Chavarro, Jorge (Wiley, 2015)
      Information regarding postdiagnostic dairy intake and prostate cancer survival is limited. We evaluated intake of total, high-fat and low-fat dairy after prostate cancer diagnosis in relation to disease-specific and total ...
    • Dairy Intake and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D Levels in Men at High Risk for Prostate Cancer 

      Tseng, Marilyn; Giri, Veda; Watkins-Bruner, Deborah; Giovannucci, Edward (Springer (part of Springer Nature), 2009)
      Dairy food intake has been associated with prostate cancer in previous work, but the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Dairy calcium may suppress circulating levels of potentially cancer-protective 1,25-hydroxyvitamin ...
    • DASH-Style Diet and 24-Hour Urine Composition 

      Taylor, Eric N.; Stampfer, Meir; Mount, David B.; Curhan, Gary C. (American Society of Nephrology, 2010)
      Background and objectives: We previously observed associations between a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-style diet and large reductions in kidney stone risk. This study examined associations between a ...
    • Data Extraction and Management in Networks of Observational Health Care Databases for Scientific Research: A Comparison of EU-ADR, OMOP, Mini-Sentinel and MATRICE Strategies 

      Gini, Rosa; Schuemie, Martijn; Brown, Jeffrey; Ryan, Patrick; Vacchi, Edoardo; Coppola, Massimo; Cazzola, Walter; Coloma, Preciosa; Berni, Roberto; Diallo, Gayo; Oliveira, José Luis; Avillach, Paul; Trifirò, Gianluca; Rijnbeek, Peter; Bellentani, Mariadonata; van Der Lei, Johan; Klazinga, Niek; Sturkenboom, Miriam (AcademyHealth, 2016)
      Introduction: We see increased use of existing observational data in order to achieve fast and transparent production of empirical evidence in health care research. Multiple databases are often used to increase power, to ...
    • Data on Medicare eligibility and cancer screening utilization 

      Meyer, Christian P.; Allard, Christopher B.; Sammon, Jesse D.; Hanske, Julian; McNabb-Baltar, Julia; Goldberg, Joel E.; Reznor, Gally; Lipsitz, Stuart R.; Choueiri, Toni K.; Nguyen, Paul L.; Weissman, Joel S.; Trinh, Quoc-Dien (Elsevier, 2016)
      Health insurance is associated with increased utilization of cancer screening services. Data on breast, prostate and colorectal cancer screening were abstracted from the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor and Surveillance System. ...
    • A Data-Driven Design Evaluation Tool for Handheld Device Soft Keyboards 

      Trudeau, Matthieu B.; Sunderland, Elsie M.; Jindrich, Devin L.; Dennerlein, Jack T. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Thumb interaction is a primary technique used to operate small handheld devices such as smartphones. Despite the different techniques involved in operating a handheld device compared to a personal computer, the keyboard ...
    • Data-Driven Normalization Strategies for High-Throughput Quantitative RT-PCR 

      Mar, Jessica Cara; Kimura, Yasumasa; Schroder, Kate; Irvine, Katharine M; Hayashizaki, Yoshihide; Suzuki, Harukazu; Hume, David; Quackenbush, John (BioMed Central, 2009)
      Background: High-throughput real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is a widely used technique in experiments where expression patterns of genes are to be profiled. Current stage ...
    • Database improvements for motor vehicle/bicycle crash analysis 

      Lusk, Anne C; Asgarzadeh, Morteza; Farvid, Maryam S (BMJ Publishing Group, 2015)
      Background: Bicycling is healthy but needs to be safer for more to bike. Police crash templates are designed for reporting crashes between motor vehicles, but not between vehicles/bicycles. If written/drawn bicycle-crash-scene ...
    • A database of human exposomes and phenomes from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 

      Patel, Chirag J.; Pho, Nam; McDuffie, Michael; Easton-Marks, Jeremy; Kothari, Cartik; Kohane, Isaac S.; Avillach, Paul (Nature Publishing Group, 2016)
      The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a population survey implemented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to monitor the health of the United States whose data is publicly ...
    • Days out of role due to mental and physical illness in the South African stress and health study 

      Mall, Sumaya; Lund, Crick; Vilagut, Gemma; Alonso, Jordi; Williams, David R.; Stein, Dan J. (Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014)
      Background: Both mental and physical disorders can result in role limitation, such as ‘days out of role’, which have an important impact on national productivity losses. This paper analyses data from the South African ...
    • DDI-CPI, a server that predicts drug–drug interactions through implementing the chemical–protein interactome 

      Luo, Heng; Zhang, Ping; Huang, Hui; Huang, Jialiang; Kao, Emily; Shi, Leming; He, Lin; Yang, Lun (Oxford University Press, 2014)
      Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) may cause serious side-effects that draw great attention from both academia and industry. Since some DDIs are mediated by unexpected drug–human protein interactions, it is reasonable to analyze ...
    • Dealing with tobacco use and dependence within primary health care: time for action 

      Vardavas, Constantine Ilias; Symvoulakis, Emmanouil K; Lionis, Christos (BioMed Central, 2013)
    • Deciphering Multiplicity of HIV-1C Infection: Transmission of Closely Related Multiple Viral Lineages 

      Novitsky, Vlad; Moyo, Sikhulile; Wang, Rui; Gaseitsiwe, Simani; Essex, M. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      BackgroundA single viral variant is transmitted in the majority of HIV infections. However, about 20% of heterosexually transmitted HIV infections are caused by multiple viral variants. Detection of transmitted HIV variants ...
    • Decision maker priorities for providing antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected South Africans: A qualitative assessment 

      Kimmel, April D.; Daniels, Norman; Betancourt, Theresa Stichick; Wood, Robin; Prosser, Lisa Alison (Informa UK Limited, 2012)
      In resource-limited settings, successful HIV treatment scale-up has been tempered by reports of funding shortfalls. We aimed to determine the priorities, including ethical considerations, of decision makers for HIV ...