Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title
Now showing items 5047-5066 of 6362
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R5-SHIV Induces Multiple Defects in T Cell Function during Early Infection of Rhesus Macaques Including Accumulation of T Reg Cells in Lymph Nodes
(Public Library of Science, 2011)Background: HIV-1 is a pathogen that T cell responses fail to control. HIV-1gp120 is the surface viral envelope glycoprotein that interacts with CD4 T cells and mediates entry. HIV-1gp120 has been implicated in immune ... -
A Race Between Tumor Immunoescape and Genome Maintenance Selects for Optimum Levels of (Epi)genetic Instability
(Public Library of Science, 2012)The human immune system functions to provide continuous body-wide surveillance to detect and eliminate foreign agents such as bacteria and viruses as well as the body's own cells that undergo malignant transformation. To ... -
Race Differences in the Association between Multivitamin Exposure and Wheezing in Preterm Infants
(2014)Objective: We aimed to determine whether vitamin D exposure, as estimated by use of multivitamins, is positively or negatively associated with recurrent wheezing in infants born preterm. Study Design This prospective cohort ... -
Race to the Top: evaluation of a novel performance-based financing initiative to promote healthcare delivery in rural Rwanda
(Co-Action Publishing, 2016)Background: Performance-based financing (PBF) has demonstrated a range of successes and failures in improving health outcomes across low- and middle-income countries. Evidence indicates that the success of PBF depends, in ... -
Race, Ethnicity, Psychosocial Factors, and Telomere Length in a Multicenter Setting
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Background: Leukocyte telomere length(LTL) has been associated with age, self-reported race/ethnicity, gender, education, and psychosocial factors, including perceived stress, and depression. However, inconsistencies in ... -
Race-Related Health Disparities and Biological Aging: Does Rate of Telomere Shortening Differ Across Blacks and Whites?
(, 2014)Recent work suggests that leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a marker of cellular aging, is sensitive to effects of social stress and may also provide early indication of premature aging. Using data from a birth cohort with ... -
Race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and ALS mortality in the United States
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016)Objective: To determine whether race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mortality in the United States. Methods: The National Longitudinal Mortality Study (NLMS), a ... -
Racial and non-racial discrimination and smoking status among South African adults 10 years after apartheid
(2014)Background Despite a long history of discrimination and persisting racial disparities in smoking prevalence, little research exists on the relationship between discrimination and smoking in South Africa.Methods This analysis ... -
Racial differences between African-American and white women in insulin resistance and visceral adiposity are associated with differences in apoCIII containing apoAI and apoB lipoproteins
(BioMed Central, 2014)Background: African-Americans have higher HDL, less visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and lower triglyceride (TG) and apoCIII concentrations than whites, despite being more insulin-resistant. We studied in African-American and ... -
Racial Differences in Awareness of the Affordable Care Act and Application Assistance among Low Income Adults in Three Southern States
(Taylor & Francis, 2015)The Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded Medicaid eligibility to adults with incomes under 138% of the federal poverty level (FPL), leading to substantial reductions in uninsured rates among low-income adults. Despite large ... -
Racial Differences in Circulating Natriuretic Peptide Levels: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
(John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015)Background: Natriuretic peptides promote natriuresis, diuresis, and vasodilation. Experimental deficiency of natriuretic peptides leads to hypertension (HTN) and cardiac hypertrophy, conditions more common among African ... -
Racial differences in the built environment—body mass index relationship? A geospatial analysis of adolescents in urban neighborhoods
(BioMed Central, 2012)Background: Built environment features of neighborhoods may be related to obesity among adolescents and potentially related to obesity-related health disparities. The purpose of this study was to investigate spatial ... -
Racial Discrimination & Cardiovascular Disease Risk: My Body My Story Study of 1005 US-Born Black and White Community Health Center Participants (US)
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Objectives: To date, limited and inconsistent evidence exists regarding racial discrimination and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: Cross-sectional observational study of 1005 US-born non-Hispanic black (n = ... -
Racial Discrimination and Physical Activity Among Low-Income–Housing Residents
(Elsevier BV, 2009)Background While discrimination has been identified as a potential determinant of existing racial/ethnic health disparities, no studies have investigated whether racial discrimination contributes to disparities in ... -
Racial discrimination, response to unfair treatment, and depressive symptoms among pregnant black and African American women in the United States
(Elsevier BV, 2012)Purpose To assess the association between self-reported racial discrimination and prenatal depressive symptoms among black women. Methods Our study population consisted of two cohorts of pregnant women: the Asthma ... -
Racial Disparities in Life Expectancy in Brazil: Challenges From a Multiracial Society
(, 2014)Objectives. We calculated life expectancy at birth for Whites, Blacks, and mixed races in Brazil, and decomposed the differences by causes of death.Methods. We used Ministry of Health death records and 2010 Census population ... -
Racial Disparities in Short Sleep Duration by Occupation and Industry
(, 2013)Short sleep duration, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, has been shown to vary by occupation and industry, but few studies have investigated differences between black and white populations. By ... -
Racial Variation in Depression Risk Factors and Symptom Trajectories among Older Women
(2016)Objective: To assess racial variation in depression risk factors and symptom trajectories among older women. Methods: Using Nurses' Health Study data, participants (29,483 non-Hispanic white and 288 black women) aged 60 ... -
Racial/Ethnic and Gender Differences in the Association between Self-Reported Experiences of Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Inflammation in the CARDIA Cohort of 4 US Communities
(2012)Inflammation is etiologically implicated in cardiometabolic diseases for which there are known racial/ethnic disparities. Prior studies suggest there may be an association between self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic ... -
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Hormonally-Active Hair Product Use: A Plausible Risk Factor for Health Disparities
(Springer Science + Business Media, 2011)Estrogen and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that are associated with several health outcomes have been found in hair products. We evaluated the proportion, frequency, duration, and content of hair products in a ...