Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title
Now showing items 6037-6056 of 6362
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U-Shaped Association between Plasma Manganese Levels and Type 2 Diabetes
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2016)Background: Manganese is both an essential element and a known toxicant, and it plays important roles in many mechanisms in relation to type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, epidemiological studies of this relationship are rare. ... -
U.S. county-level characteristics to inform equitable COVID-19 response
(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2020-04-11)Background: The spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) across the United States confirms that not all Americans are equally at risk of infection, severe disease, or mortality. A range of intersecting biological, ... -
U.S. Drinking Water Challenges in the Twenty-First Century
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2002)The access of almost all 270 million U.S. residents to reliable, safe drinking water distinguishes the United States in the twentieth century from that of the nineteenth century. The United States is a relatively water-abundant ... -
U.S. Governors and the Medicaid Expansion — No Quick Resolution in Sight
(New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM/MMS), 2013) -
Ubiquitination of ECSIT is crucial for the activation of p65/p50 NF-κBs in Toll-like receptor 4 signaling
(The American Society for Cell Biology, 2015)Recent evidence shows that evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathways (ECSIT) interacts with tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor 6 (TRAF6), is ubiquitinated, and contributes to bactericidal ... -
Umbilical Cord Mercury Concentration as Biomarker of Prenatal Exposure to Methylmercury
(National Institue of Environmental Health Sciences, 2005)Biomarkers are often applied to assess prenatal exposure to methylmercury in research and surveillance. In a prospective study in the Faroe Islands, the main exposure biomarkers were the mercury concentrations in cord blood ... -
Unanswered ethical and scientific questions for trials of invasive interventions for coronary disease: The case of single vessel disease
(BioMed Central, 2004)Trials in the 1990s demonstrated that medical therapy is as effective as invasive therapies for treating single-vessel coronary disease. Yet more recent studies enrolling patients with this condition have focused on ... -
Unbiased Deep Sequencing of RNA Viruses from Clinical Samples
(MyJove Corporation, 2016)Here we outline a next-generation RNA sequencing protocol that enables de novo assemblies and intra-host variant calls of viral genomes collected from clinical and biological sources. The method is unbiased and universal; ... -
Uncoupling of Metabolic Health from Longevity through Genetic Alteration of Adipose Tissue Lipid-Binding Proteins
(Elsevier BV, 2017)Deterioration of metabolic health is a hallmark of aging and generally assumed to be detrimental to longevity. Exposure to a high-calorie diet impairs metabolism and accelerates aging; conversely, calorie restriction (CR) ... -
Uncovering the geographical and host impacts on the classification of Vibrio vulnificus
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2018)Vibrio vulnificus causes human sickness throughout the world via the consumption of undercooked seafood or exposure to contaminated water. Previous attempts at phylogenetic analyses of V. vulnificus have proven unsuccessful, ... -
Underestimation of risk due to exposure misclassification
(Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 2004)Exposure misclassification constitutes a major obstacle when developing dose-response relationships for risk assessment. A non-differentional error results in underestimation of the risk. If the degree of misclassification ... -
Underprotection of Unpredictable Statistical Lives Compared to Predictable Ones
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2016)Existing ethical discussion considers the differences in care for identified versus statistical lives. However, there has been little attention to the different degrees of care that are taken for different kinds of statistical ... -
Understanding Adherence to Daily and Intermittent Regimens of Oral HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Kenya
(Springer US, 2014)A qualitative assessment of Kenyan men who have sex with men taking daily and intermittent oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) found stigma, sex work, mobility, and alcohol impacted adherence. We analyzed quantitative ... -
Understanding Australia's influenza pandemic policy on the strategic use of the antiviral drug stockpile
(Australasian Medical Publishing Company Ltd, 2009) -
Understanding high-risk behavior among non-dominant minorities: A social resistance framework
(2011)Across different societies, non-dominant minority groups, compared to the dominant group, often exhibit higher rates of involvement in high-risk behaviors, such as smoking, drug and alcohol use, sexual risk behaviors, ... -
Understanding locally, culturally, and contextually relevant mental health problems among Rwandan children and adolescents affected by HIV/AIDS
(Informa UK Limited, 2011)In assessing the mental health of HIV/AIDS-affected children and adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa, researchers often employ mental health measures developed in other settings. However, measures derived from standard Western ... -
Understanding physicians’ behavior toward alerts about nephrotoxic medications in outpatients: a cross-sectional analysis
(BioMed Central, 2014)Background: Although most outpatients are relatively healthy, many have chronic renal insufficiency, and high override rates for suggestions on renal dosing have been observed. To better understand the override of renal ... -
Understanding pneumococcal serotype 1 biology through population genomic analysis
(BioMed Central, 2016)Background: Pneumococcus kills over one million children annually and over 90 % of these deaths occur in low-income countries especially in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where HIV exacerbates the disease burden. In SSA, serotype ... -
Understanding Racial-ethnic Disparities in Health: Sociological Contributions
(SAGE Publications, 2010)This article provides an overview of the contribution of sociologists to the study of racial and ethnic inequalities in health in the United States. It argues that sociologists have made four principal contributions. First, ... -
Understanding spatial organizations of chromosomes via statistical analysis of Hi-C data
(Springer Science + Business Media, 2013)Understanding how chromosomes fold provides insights into the transcription regulation, hence, the functional state of the cell. Using the next generation sequencing technology, the recently developed Hi-C approach enables ...