# Honest Verifier Statistical Zero-Knowledge Equals General Statistical Zero-Knowledge

 Title: Honest Verifier Statistical Zero-Knowledge Equals General Statistical Zero-Knowledge Author: Sahai, Amit; Goldreich, Oded; Vadhan, Salil P.; goldreich Note: Order does not necessarily reflect citation order of authors. Citation: Goldreich, Oded, Amit Sahai, and Salil Vadhan. 1998. Honest-verifier statistical zero-knowledge equals general statistical zero-knowledge. In Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC), May 1998, Dallas, Texas. 399-408. New York, NY: Association of Computing Machinery. Full Text & Related Files: Vadhan_HonestVerifier.pdf (207.6Kb; PDF) Abstract: We show how to transform any interactive proof system which is statistical zero-knowledge with respect to the honest-verifier, into a proof system which is statistical zero-knowledge with respect to any verifier. This is done by limiting the behavior of potentially cheating verifiers, without using computational assumptions or even referring to the complexity of such verifier strategies. (Previous transformations have either relied on computational assumptions or were applicable only to constant-round public-coin proof systems.) Our transformation also applies to public-coin (aka Arthur-Merlin) computational zero-knowledge proofs: We transform any Arthur-Merlin proof system which is computational zero-knowledge with respect to the honest-verifier, into an Arthur-Merlin proof system which is computational zero-knowledge with respect to any probabilistic polynomial-time verifier. A crucial ingredient in our analysis is a new lemma regarding 2-universal hashing functions. Published Version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/276698.276852 Terms of Use: This article is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of-use#LAA Citable link to this page: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:4728398