Visualization of Flagella during Bacterial Swarming

Visualization of Flagella during Bacterial Swarming

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Visualization of Flagella during Bacterial Swarming

dc.contributor.author	Turner, Linda
dc.contributor.author	Zhang, Rongjing
dc.contributor.author	Darnton, Nicholas C.
dc.contributor.author	Berg, Howard Curtis
dc.date.accessioned	2012-07-30T01:53:34Z
dc.date.issued	2010
dc.identifier.citation	Turner, Linda, Rongjing Zhang, Nicholas C. Darnton, and Howard Curtis Berg. 2010. Visualization of flagella during bacterial swarming. Journal of Bacteriology 192(13): 3259-3267.	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	0021-9193	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	1098-5530	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:9310885
dc.description.abstract	When cells of Escherichia coli are grown in broth and suspended at low density in a motility medium, they swim independently, exploring a homogeneous, isotropic environment. Cell trajectories and the way in which these trajectories are determined by flagellar dynamics are well understood. When cells are grown in a rich medium on agar instead, they elongate, produce more flagella, and swarm. They move in coordinated packs within a thin film of fluid, in intimate contact with one another and with two fixed surfaces, a surfactant monolayer above and an agar matrix below: they move in an inhomogeneous, anisotropic environment. Here we examine swarm-cell trajectories and ways in which these trajectories are determined by flagellar motion, visualizing the cell bodies by phase-contrast microscopy and the flagellar filaments by fluorescence microscopy. We distinguish four kinds of tracks, defining stalls, reversals, lateral movement, and forward movement. When cells are stalled at the edge of a colony, they extend their flagellar filaments outwards, moving fluid over the virgin agar; when cells reverse, changes in filament chirality play a crucial role; when cells move laterally, they are pushed sideways by adjacent cells; and when cells move forward, they are pushed by flagellar bundles in the same way as when they are swimming in bulk aqueous media. These maneuvers are described in this report.	en_US
dc.description.sponsorship	Molecular and Cellular Biology	en_US
dc.language.iso	en_US	en_US
dc.publisher	American Society for Microbiology	en_US
dc.relation.isversionof	doi:10.1128/JB.00083-10	en_US
dc.relation.hasversion	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20363932	en_US
dash.license	OAP
dc.title	Visualization of Flagella during Bacterial Swarming	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article	en_US
dc.description.version	Author's Original	en_US
dc.relation.journal	Journal of Bacteriology	en_US
dash.depositing.author	Berg, Howard Curtis
dc.date.available	2012-07-30T01:53:34Z