Browsing by Author "Wrangham, Richard"
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Applying Wet Sieving Fecal Particle Size Measurement to Frugivores: A Case Study of the Eastern Chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes Schweinfurthii)
Weary, Taylor; Wrangham, Richard; Clauss, Marcus (Wiley, 2017-04-04)Fecal particle size (FPS) as quantified by wet sieving analysis is a measure of chewing efficiency relevant for the understanding of physiological adaptations and constraints in herbivores. FPS has not been investigated ... -
Association Patterns Among Wild Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes Schweinfurthii) Reflect Sex Differences in Cooperation
Gilby, Ian C.; Wrangham, Richard W. (Springer Verlag, 2008)Theory predicts that frequent dyadic association should promote cooperation through kin selection or social tolerance. Here we test the hypothesis that sex differences in the strength and stability of association preferences ... -
Automated Classification of Starch Granules Using Supervised Pattern Recognition of Morphological Properties
Wilson, Julie; Hardy, Karen; Allen, Richard; Copeland, Les; Wrangham, Richard W.; Collins, Matthew (Elsevier, 2010)Image analysis techniques have been used to investigate the likelihood of being able to classify and assign a probability regarding the plant origin of individual starch granules in a collection of granules. Quantifiable ... -
Bonobos Exhibit Delayed Development of Social Behavior and Cognition Relative to Chimpanzees
Wobber, Victoria Elizabeth; Wrangham, Richard W.; Hare, Brian (Elsevier, 2010)Phenotypic changes between species can occur when evolution shapes development. Here, we tested whether differences in the social behavior and cognition of bonobos and chimpanzees derive from shifts in their ontogeny, ... -
Breed Differences in Domestic Dogs' (Canis familiaris) Comprehension of Human Communicative Signals
Wobber, Victoria Elizabeth; Hare, Brian; Koler-Matznick, Janice; Wrangham, Richard W.; Tomasello, Michael (John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009)Recent research suggests that some human-like social skills evolved in dogs (Canis familiaris) during domestication as an incidental by-product of selection for “tame” forms of behavior. It is still possible, however, that ... -
Chimpanzee Violence is a Serious Topic. A Response to Sussman and Marshack's Critique of Demonic Males: Apes and the Origins of Human Violence
Wrangham, Richard W. (Center for Global Nonkilling, 2010)Sussman and Marshack criticize Demonic Males as being wrong in its generalizations about chimpanzee behavior, and flawed in its theoretical interpretations. I show that studies of chimpanzees conducted since Demonic Males ... -
Citizen Science as a New Tool in Dog Cognition Research
Stewart, Laughlin; MacLean, Evan L.; Ivy, David; Woods, Vanessa; Cohen, Eliot; Rodriguez, Kerri; McIntyre, Matthew; Mukherjee, Sayan; Call, Josep; Kaminski, Juliane; Miklósi, Ádám; Wrangham, Richard W.; Hare, Brian (Public Library of Science, 2015)Family dogs and dog owners offer a potentially powerful way to conduct citizen science to answer questions about animal behavior that are difficult to answer with more conventional approaches. Here we evaluate the quality ... -
Coincident Tick Infestations in the Nostrils of Wild Chimpanzees and a Human in Uganda
Hamer, Sarah A.; Bernard, Andrew B.; Donovan, Ronan M.; Hartel, Jessica A.; Wrangham, Richard W.; Otali, Emily; Goldberg, Tony L. (American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2013)Ticks in the nostrils of humans visiting equatorial African forests have been reported sporadically for decades, but their taxonomy and natural history have remained obscure. We report human infestation with a nostril tick ... -
Community-specific evaluation of tool affordances in wild chimpanzees
Gruber, Thibaud; Muller, Martin N.; Reynolds, Vernon; Wrangham, Richard W.; Zuberbühler, Klaus (Nature Publishing Group, 2011)The notion of animal culture, defined as socially transmitted community-specific behaviour patterns, remains controversial, notably because the definition relies on surface behaviours without addressing underlying cognitive ... -
Comparative Cognitive Development and Endocrinology in Pan and Homo
Wobber, Victoria Elizabeth (2012-08-23)Key insights into the evolutionary origins of human social behavior can be gained via study of our closest living relatives, bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Despite being equally related to humans, ... -
Comparative Feeding Ecology of Two Chimpanzee Communities in Kibale National Park (Uganda)
Potts, Kevin B.; Watts, David P.; Wrangham, Richard W. (Springer Verlag, 2011)Several recent studies have documented considerable intraspecific and intrapopulation ecological variation in primates. However, we generally lack an understanding of how such variability may be linked to concomitant ... -
Comparisons of Limb Structural Properties in Free-Ranging Chimpanzees From Kibale, Gombe, Mahale and Taï Communities
Carlson, K.J.; Wrangham, Richard W.; Muller, M.N.; Sumner, D.R.; Morbeck, M.E.; Nishida, T.; Yamanaka, A.; Boesch, C. (Springer, 2010)Structural characteristics of limbs bones provide insight into how an animal dynamically loads its limbs during life. Cause-and-effect relationships between loading and the osteogenic response it elicits are complex. In ... -
The context of female dispersal in Kanyawara chimpanzees
Stumpf, RM; Wrangham, Richard W.; Emery Thompson, M; Muller, M.N. (Brill Academic Publishers, 2009)In most social mammals, members of either one sex or both leave their natal group at sexual maturity. In catarrhine primates, male emigration is the predominant pattern. Female philopatry facilitates cooperation among kin, ... -
Control of Fire in the Paleolithic: Evaluating the Cooking Hypothesis
Wrangham, Richard (University of Chicago Press, 2017-08)According to current evidence, Homo sapiens was unable to survive on a diet of raw wild foods. Because cooked diets have large physiological and behavioral consequences, a critical question for understanding human evolution ... -
Cooking and the Human Commitment to a High-quality Diet
Carmody, Rachel Naomi; Wrangham, Richard W. (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2009)For our body size, humans exhibit higher energy use yet reduced structures for mastication and digestion of food compared to chimpanzees, our closest living relatives. This suite of features suggests that humans are adapted ... -
Cross-Cultural Sex Differences in Post-Conflict Affiliation following Sports Matches
Benenson, Joyce Frances; Wrangham, Richard W. (Elsevier BV, 2016)The nature of ancestral human social structure and the circumstances in which men or women tend to be more cooperative are subjects of intense debate. The male warrior hypothesis proposes that success in intergroup contests ... -
Diet and Reproductive Function in Wild Female Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes Schweinfurthii)at Kibale National Park, Uganda
Thompson, Melissa Emery; Wrangham, Richard W. (Wiley-Blackwell, 2008)Human female reproductive function is highly sensitive to current energetic condition, indicating adaptation to modulate reproductive effort in accordance with changing ecological conditions that might favor or disfavor ... -
A Direct Comparison of Scan and Focal Sampling Methods for Measuring Wild Chimpanzee Feeding Behaviour
Gilby, Ian C.; Pokempner, Amy; Wrangham, Richard W. (Karger, 2010)Focal sampling is the most accurate method for measuring primate activity budgets, but is sometimes impractical. An alternative is scan sampling, in which the behaviour of the group is recorded at regular intervals. The ... -
Distribution of a Chimpanzee Social Custom Is Explained by Matrilineal Relationship Rather Than Conformity
Wrangham, Richard W.; Koops, Kathelijne; Machanda, Zarin Pearl; Worthington, Steven; Bernard, Andrew B.; Brazeau, Nicholas F.; Donovan, Ronan; Rosen, Jeremiah; Wilke, Claudia; Otali, Emily; Muller, Martin N. (Elsevier BV, 2016)High-arm grooming is a form of chimpanzee grooming in which two individuals mutually groom while each raising one arm. Palm-to-palm clasping (PPC) is a distinct style of high-arm grooming in which the grooming partners ... -
Do Young Children Understand Relative Value Comparisons?
Benenson, Joyce F.; Markovits, Henry; Whitmore, Bjorn; Van, Christophe; Margolius, Sara; Wrangham, Richard W. (Public Library of Science, 2015)Many forms of judgments, such as those used in economic games or measures of social comparison, require understanding relative value, as well as the more complex ability to make comparisons between relative values. To ...