Browsing by Author "Malley, Richard"
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Antibodies to Conserved Pneumococcal Antigens Correlate with, but Are Not Required for, Protection against Pneumococcal Colonization Induced by Prior Exposure in a Mouse Model
Trzcinski, K.; Thompson, Claudette M.; Malley, Richard; Lipsitch, Marc (American Society for Microbiology, 2005)In mice following intranasal exposure to Streptococcus pneumoniae, protection against pneumococcal colonization was independent of antibody but dependent on CD4+ T cells. Nonetheless, concentrations of antibodies to three ... -
Antibody-Independent, Interleukin-17A-Mediated, Cross-Serotype Immunity to Pneumococci in Mice Immunized Intranasally with the Cell Wall Polysaccharide
Malley, Richard; Srivastava, Amit; Lipsitch, Marc; Thompson, Claudette M.; Watkins, C.; Tzianabos, A.; Anderson, Porter (American Society for Microbiology, 2006)Serotype-specific immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae is conferred by antibodies to the capsular polysaccharides, which define the 90 known serotypes. Whether antibody to the species-common cell wall polysaccharide (C-Ps) ... -
Are Anticapsular Antibodies the Primary Mechanism of Protection against Invasive Pneumococcal Disease?
Lipsitch, Marc; Whitney, Cynthia G; Zell, Elizabeth; Kaijalainen, Tarja; Dagan, Ron; Malley, Richard (Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2005)BACKGROUND: Antibody to capsular polysaccharide has been the basis of several vaccines that offer protection against invasive disease from Streptococcus pneumoniae. The success of such vaccines has led to the inference ... -
CD4+ T cells mediate antibody-independent acquired immunity to pneumococcal colonization
Malley, Richard; Trzcinski, K.; Srivastava, Amit; Thompson, Claudette M.; Anderson, Porter; Lipsitch, Marc (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2005)Acquired immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) has long been assumed to depend on the presence of anticapsular antibodies. We found, however, that colonization with live pneumococci of serotypes 6B, 7F, or ... -
Development of a model of focal pneumococcal pneumonia in young rats
Malley, Richard; Stack, Anne Marie; Husson, Robert Neil; Thompson, Claudette M.; Fleisher, Gary Robert; Saladino, Richard A (BioMed Central, 2004)Background: A recently licensed pneumococcal conjugate vaccine has been shown to be highly effective in the prevention of bacteremia in immunized children but the degree of protection against pneumonia has been difficult ... -
Distinct Effects on Diversifying Selection by Two Mechanisms of Immunity Against Streptococcus pneumoniae
Li, Yuan; Gierahn, Todd; Thompson, Claudette M.; Trzciński, Krzysztof; Ford, Christopher Burton; Croucher, Nicholas Jason; Gouveia, Paulo; Flechtner, Jessica B.; Malley, Richard; Lipsitch, Marc (Public Library of Science, 2012)Antigenic variation to evade host immunity has long been assumed to be a driving force of diversifying selection in pathogens. Colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is central to the organism's transmission and ... -
Effect of Serotype on Pneumococcal Competition in a Mouse Colonization Model
Trzciński, Krzysztof; Li, Yuan; Weinberger, Daniel M.; Thompson, Claudette M.; Cordy, Derrick; Bessolo, Andrew; Malley, Richard; Lipsitch, Marc (American Society of Microbiology, 2015)ABSTRACT Competitive interactions between Streptococcus pneumoniae strains during host colonization could influence the serotype distribution in nasopharyngeal carriage and pneumococcal disease. We evaluated the competitive ... -
Identification of Protective Pneumococcal \(T_{H}17\) Antigens from the Soluble Fraction of a Killed Whole Cell Vaccine
Moffitt, Kristin Leigh; Malley, Richard; Lu, Ying-Jie (Public Library of Science, 2012)Mucosal or parenteral immunization with a killed unencapsulated pneumococcal whole cell antigen (WCA) with an adjuvant protects mice from colonization by a \(T_{H}17\) CD4+ cell-mediated mechanism. Using preparative SDS ... -
In Vitro Bactericidal Activity of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bactericidal Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Cocolonized versus Noncocolonized Children
Regev-Yochay, Gili; Malley, Richard; Rubinstein, E.; Raz, M.; Dagan, R.; Lipsitch, Marc (American Society for Microbiology, 2007)Streptococcus pneumoniae is bactericidal to Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. To determine whether this in vitro effect accounts for the inverse relation between S. pneumoniae and S. aureus colonization reported in previous ... -
Interference between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus: In Vitro Hydrogen Peroxide-Mediated Killing by Streptococcus pneumoniae
Regev-Yochay, Gili; Trzcinski, K.; Thompson, Claudette M.; Malley, Richard; Lipsitch, Marc (American Society for Microbiology, 2006)The bactericidal activity of Streptococcus pneumoniae toward Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by hydrogen peroxide. Catalase eliminated this activity. Pneumococci grown anaerobically or genetically lacking pyruvate oxidase ... -
Interleukin-17A Mediates Acquired Immunity to Pneumococcal Colonization
Gross, Jane; Bogaert, Debby; Finn, Adam; Bagrade, Linda; Zhang, Qibo; Kolls, Jay K.; Lundgren, Anna; Forte, Sophie; Lu, Ying-Jie; Srivastava, Amit Kumar; Thompson, Claudette M.; Harney, Kathleen; Anderson, Porter; Lipsitch, Marc; Malley, Richard (Public Library of Science, 2008)Although anticapsular antibodies confer serotype-specific immunity to pneumococci, children increase their ability to clear colonization before these antibodies appear, suggesting involvement of other mechanisms. We ... -
Intranasal Immunization with Killed Unencapsulated Whole Cells Prevents Colonization and Invasive Disease by Capsulated Pneumococci
Malley, Richard; Lipsitch, Marc; Stack, Anne Marie; Saladino, R.; Fleisher, Gary Robert; Pelton, S.; Thompson, Claudette M.; Briles, D.; Anderson, Porter (American Society for Microbiology, 2001)A whole-cell killed unencapsulated pneumococcal vaccine given by the intranasal route with cholera toxin as an adjuvant was tested in two animal models. This vaccination was highly effective in preventing nasopharyngeal ... -
Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Structure Predicts Serotype Prevalence
Weinberger, Daniel M.; Trzciński, Krzysztof; Lu, Ying-Jie; Bogaert, Debby; Brandes, Aaron; Galagan, James E; Anderson, Porter; Malley, Richard; Lipsitch, Marc (Public Library of Science, 2009)There are 91 known capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence of particular serotypes is relatively stable worldwide, but the host and bacterial factors that maintain these ... -
Protection against Nasopharyngeal Colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae Is Mediated by Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cells
Trzciński, Krzysztof; Thompson, Claudette M.; Srivastava, Amit; Basset, Alan Emmanuel; Malley, Richard; Lipsitch, Marc (American Society for Microbiology, 2008)CD4(+) T-cell-dependent acquired immunity confers antibody-independent protection against pneumococcal colonization. Since this mechanism is poorly understood for extracellular bacteria, we assessed the antigen specificity ... -
Recognition of pneumolysin by Toll-like receptor 4 confers resistance to pneumococcal infection
Malley, Richard; Henneke, P.; Morse, S. C.; Cieslewicz, M. J.; Lipsitch, Marc; Thompson, Claudette M.; Kurt-Jones, E.; Paton, J. C.; Wessels, Michael Robert; Golenbock, D. T. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2003)Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of invasive bacterial disease worldwide. Fragments of the cell wall and the cytolytic toxin pneumolysin have been shown to contribute substantially to inflammatory ... -
Serotype replacement in disease after pneumococcal vaccination
Weinberger, Daniel M; Malley, Richard; Lipsitch, Marc (Elsevier BV, 2011)Vaccination with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has significantly reduced the burden of pneumococcal disease and has had an important public health benefit. Because this vaccine targets only seven of the ... -
SpxB Is a Suicide Gene of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Confers a Selective Advantage in an In Vivo Competitive Colonization Model
Regev-Yochay, Gili; Trzcinski, K.; Thompson, Claudette M.; Lipsitch, Marc; Malley, Richard (American Society for Microbiology, 2007)The human bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae dies spontaneously upon reaching stationary phase. The extent of S. pneumoniae death at stationary phase is unusual in bacteria and has been conventionally attributed ... -
Streptococcus pneumoniae Carriage in the Gaza Strip
Shainberg, Bracha; Varon, Miriam; Roytman, Yulia; Ziv, Arnona; Goral, Aviva; Elhamdany, Abedallah; Rahav, Galia; Raz, Meir; Regev-Yochay, Gili; Abullaish, Izzeldin; Malley, Richard (Public Library of Science, 2012)Background: Pneumococcal infections cause major morbidity and mortality in developing countries. We report the epidemiology of S. pneumoniae carriage in a developing region, the Gaza strip, and evaluate the theoretical ...