Browsing by Author "Ruvkun, Gary"

Now showing items 1-18 of 18

    • Caenorhabditis elegans pathways that surveil and defend mitochondria 

      Liu, Ying; Samuel, Buck S.; Breen, Peter C.; Ruvkun, Gary (2014)
      Mitochondrial function is challenged by toxic byproducts of metabolism as well as by pathogen attack1,2. Caenorhabditis elegans normally responds to mitochondrial dysfunction with activation of mitochondrial repair, drug ...

    • Cytoprotective Pathways that Contribute to Lifespan Extension in C. elegans 

      Shore, David (2013-02-11)
      Stress tolerance and lifespan are intimately associated. Extension of lifespan is accompanied by increased tolerance of heat, oxidative stress, radiation and other stressors, while genetic perturbations that abrogate ...

    • Dual Regulation of the lin-14 Target mRNA by the lin-4 miRNA 

      Shi, Zhen; Hayes, Gabriel; Ruvkun, Gary (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      microRNAs (miRNAs) are ∼22 nt regulatory RNAs that in animals typically bind with partial complementarity to sequences in the 3′ untranslated (UTR) regions of target mRNAs, to induce a decrease in the production of the ...

    • Functional Genomic Analysis of C. elegans Molting 

      Frand, Alison R; Russel, Sascha Elle; Ruvkun, Gary B. (Public Library of Science, 2005)
      Although the molting cycle is a hallmark of insects and nematodes, neither the endocrine control of molting via size, stage, and nutritional inputs nor the enzymatic mechanism for synthesis and release of the exoskeleton ...

    • Gene Pathways That Delay Caenorhabditis elegans Reproductive Senescence 

      Wang, Meng C.; Oakley, Holly D.; Carr, Christopher E.; Sowa, Jessica N.; Ruvkun, Gary (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Reproductive senescence is a hallmark of aging. The molecular mechanisms regulating reproductive senescence and its association with the aging of somatic cells remain poorly understood. From a full genome RNA interference ...

    • Genetic and genomic analysis of small RNA pathways in nematodes 

      Shi, Zhen (2013-10-15)
      Small noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), and endogenous small-interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs), regulate developmental and defense pathways in animals. While many small RNA silencing ...

    • Genetic Regulation of Caenorhabditis elegans Lysosome Related Organelle Function 

      Soukas, Alexander A.; Carr, Christopher E.; Ruvkun, Gary (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain acid hydrolases that degrade cellular proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and oligosaccharides, and are important for cellular maintenance and protection against age-related ...

    • Human disease locus discovery and mapping to molecular pathways through phylogenetic profiling 

      Tabach, Yuval; Golan, Tamar; Hernández-Hernández, Abrahan; Messer, Arielle R; Fukuda, Tomoyuki; Kouznetsova, Anna; Liu, Jian-Guo; Lilienthal, Ingrid; Levy, Carmit; Ruvkun, Gary (Nature Publishing Group, 2013)
      Genes with common profiles of the presence and absence in disparate genomes tend to function in the same pathway. By mapping all human genes into about 1000 clusters of genes with similar patterns of conservation across ...

    • Identification of Many microRNAs That Copurify with Polyribosomes in Mammalian Neurons 

      Kim, John; Krichevsky, Anna; Grad, Yonatan; Hayes, Gabriel D.; Kosik, Kenneth S.; Church, George; Ruvkun, Gary (National Academy of Sciences, 2004-01-06)
      Localized translation in mammalian dendrites may play a role in synaptic plasticity and contribute to the molecular basis for learning and memory. The regulatory mechanisms that control localized translation in neurons are ...

    • Induction of Cytoprotective Pathways Is Central to the Extension of Lifespan Conferred by Multiple Longevity Pathways 

      Shore, David Eli; Carr, Christopher E.; Ruvkun, Gary B. (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Many genetic and physiological treatments that extend lifespan also confer resistance to a variety of stressors, suggesting that cytoprotective mechanisms underpin the regulation of longevity. It has not been established, ...

    • Lifespan Regulation by Evolutionarily Conserved Genes Essential for Viability 

      Curran, Sean Patrick; Ruvkun, Gary B. (Public Library of Science, 2007)
      Evolutionarily conserved mechanisms that control aging are predicted to have prereproductive functions in order to be subject to natural selection. Genes that are essential for growth and development are highly conserved ...

    • Lin28a/b in the Regulation of Developmental Timing and Tumorigenesis 

      Robinton, Daisy Andre (2016-05-10)
      The heterochronic genes Lin28a/b and let-7 have long been known to play critical roles in the development of organisms from worms to humans. These highly conserved genes have emerged as factors that regulate self-renewal, ...

    • PhyloGene server for identification and visualization of co-evolving proteins using normalized phylogenetic profiles 

      Sadreyev, Ilyas R.; Ji, Fei; Cohen, Emiliano; Ruvkun, Gary; Tabach, Yuval (Oxford University Press, 2015)
      Proteins that function in the same pathways, protein complexes or the same environmental conditions can show similar patterns of sequence conservation across phylogenetic clades. In species that no longer require a specific ...

    • PIWI Associated siRNAs and piRNAs Specifically Require the Caenorhabditis elegans HEN1 Ortholog henn-1 

      Montgomery, Taiowa A.; Rim, Young-Soo; Zhang, Chi; Dowen, Robert H.; Phillips, Carolyn; Fischer, Sylvia E. J.; Ruvkun, Gary B. (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Small RNAs—including piRNAs, miRNAs, and endogenous siRNAs—bind Argonaute proteins to form RNA silencing complexes that target coding genes, transposons, and aberrant RNAs. To assess the requirements for endogenous siRNA ...

    • Prediction of C. elegans Longevity Genes by Human and Worm Longevity Networks 

      Tacutu, Robi; Shore, David Eli; Budovsky, Arie; de Magalhães, João Pedro; Ruvkun, Gary; Fraifeld, Vadim E.; Curran, Sean P. (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Intricate and interconnected pathways modulate longevity, but screens to identify the components of these pathways have not been saturating. Because biological processes are often executed by protein complexes and fine-tuned ...

    • Repression of Germline RNAi Pathways in Somatic Cells by Retinoblastoma Pathway Chromatin Complexes 

      Wu, Xiaoyun; Shi, Zhen; Cui, Mingxue; Han, Min; Ruvkun, Gary B. (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      The retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor acts with a number of chromatin cofactors in a wide range of species to suppress cell proliferation. The Caenorhabditis elegans retinoblastoma gene and many of these cofactors, ...

    • Small RNA pathway genes identified by patterns of phylogenetic conservation and divergence 

      Tabach, Yuval; Billi, Allison C.; Hayes, Gabriel D.; Newman, Martin A.; Zuk, Or; Gabel, Harrison; Kamath, Ravi; Yacoby, Keren; Chapman, Brad; Garcia, Susana M.; Borowsky, Mark; Kim, John K.; Ruvkun, Gary (2013)
      Genetic and biochemical analyses of RNA interference (RNAi) and microRNA (miRNA) pathways have revealed proteins such as Argonaute/PIWI and Dicer that process and present small RNAs to their targets. Well validated small ...

    • Two Membrane-Associated Tyrosine Phosphatase Homologs Potentiate C. elegans AKT-1/PKB Signaling 

      Hu, Patrick J; Xu, Jinling; Ruvkun, Gary B. (Public Library of Science, 2006)
      Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) functions in conserved signaling cascades that regulate growth and metabolism. In humans, Akt/PKB is dysregulated in diabetes and cancer; in Caenorhabditis elegans, Akt/PKB functions in an ...