Browsing by Author "Daffner, Kirk"
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Age-related changes in early novelty processing as measured by ERPs
Riis, Jenna L.; Chong, Hyemi; McGinnnis, Scott; Tarbi, Elise; Sun, Xue; Holcomb, Phillip J.; Rentz, Dorene May; Daffner, Kirk R. (Elsevier BV, 2009)This study investigated age-related changes in the early processing of novel visual stimuli using ERPs. Well-matched old (n=30), middle-aged (n=30), and young (n=32) subjects were presented standard, target/rare, and ... -
Age-related differences in enhancement and suppression of neural activity underlying selective attention in matched young and old adults
Haring, A.E.; Zhuravleva, T.Y.; Alperin, B.R.; Rentz, Dorene May; Holcomb, P.J.; Daffner, Kirk R. (Elsevier BV, 2013)Selective attention reflects the top-down control of sensory processing that is mediated by enhancement or inhibition of neural activity. ERPs were used to investigate age-related differences in neural activity in an ... -
Age-related differences in the automatic processing of single letters
Daffner, Kirk R.; Alperin, Brittany R.; Mott, Katherine K.; Holcomb, Phillip J. (Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2014)Older adults exhibit diminished ability to inhibit the processing of visual stimuli that are supposed to be ignored. The extent to which age-related changes in early visual processing contribute to impairments in selective ... -
The central role of the prefrontal cortex in directing attention to novel events
Daffner, Kirk R. (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2000)The physiological basis for the striking decrease of attention to novel events following frontal lobe injury is poorly understood. In this study, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from patients with frontal ... -
Changes in Neural Activity Underlying Working Memory after Computerized Cognitive Training in Older Adults
Tusch, Erich S.; Alperin, Brittany R.; Ryan, Eliza; Holcomb, Phillip J.; Mohammed, Abdul H.; Daffner, Kirk R. (Frontiers Media S.A., 2016)Computerized cognitive training (CCT) may counter the impact of aging on cognition, but both the efficacy and neurocognitive mechanisms underlying CCT remain controversial. In this study, 35 older individuals were randomly ... -
Cognitive status impacts age-related changes in attention to novel and target events in normal adults.
Daffner, Kirk R.; Chong, Hyemi; Riis, Jenna; Rentz, Dorene May; Wolk, David A.; Budson, Andrew E.; Holcomb, Phillip J. (American Psychological Association (APA), 2007)In this study, the authors investigated the relationship between the cognitive status of normal adults and age-related changes in attention to novel and target events. Old, middle-age, and young subjects, divided into ... -
Compensatory neural activity distinguishes different patterns of normal cognitive aging
Riis, Jenna L.; Chong, Hyemi; Ryan, Katherine K.; Wolk, David A.; Rentz, Dorene May; Holcomb, Phillip J.; Daffner, Kirk R. (Elsevier BV, 2008)Most cognitive neuroscientific research exploring the nature of age-associated compensatory mechanisms has compared old adults (high vs. average performers) to young adults (not split by performance), leaving ambiguous ... -
The Comportmental Learning Disabilities of Early Frontal Lobe Damage
Price, Bruce Heimburger; Daffner, Kirk R.; Stowe, Robert C; Mesulam, M. Marsel (Oxford University Press (OUP), 1990)Two adult patients are described who suffered bilateral prefrontal damage early in life and who subsequently came to psychiatric attention because of severely aberrant behaviour. A battery of developmental psychology ... -
Diminished curiosity in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease as measured by exploratory eye movements
Daffner, Kirk R.; Scinto, L.F.M.; Weintraub, S.; Guinessey, J. E.; Mesulam, M. M. (Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 1992)Clinical accounts of Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggest that some patients exhibit markedly diminished curiosity and initiative early in the course of their illness. Such behavioral changes are extremely difficult to measure ... -
The Dissociation between Early and Late Selection in Older Adults
Alperin, Brittany R.; Haring, Anna E.; Zhuravleva, Tatyana; Holcomb, Phillip J.; Rentz, Dorene May; Daffner, Kirk R. (MIT Press - Journals, 2013)Older adults exhibit a reduced ability to ignore task-irrelevant stimuli; however, it remains to be determined where along the information processing stream the most salient age-associated changes occur. In the current ... -
Does compensatory neural activity survive old-old age?
Daffner, Kirk R.; Sun, Xue; Tarbi, Elise C.; Rentz, Dorene May; Holcomb, Phillip J.; Riis, Jenna L. (Elsevier BV, 2011)One mechanism that may allow older adults to continue to successfully perform certain cognitive tasks is to allocate more resources than their younger counterparts. Most prior studies have not included individuals beyond ... -
Does modulation of selective attention to features reflect enhancement or suppression of neural activity?
Daffner, Kirk R.; Zhuravleva, Tatyana; Sun, Xue; Tarbi, Elise C.; Haring, Anna E.; Rentz, Dorene May; Holcomb, Phillip J. (Elsevier BV, 2012)Numerous studies have demonstrated that selective attention to color is associated with a larger neural response under attend than ignore conditions, but have not addressed whether this difference reflects enhanced activity ... -
Electrophysiological Dissociation of Picture Versus Word Encoding: The Distinctiveness Heuristic as a Retrieval Orientation
Budson, Andrew E.; Droller, Daniel B.; Dodson, Chad S.; Schacter, Daniel L.; Rugg, Michael D.; Holcomb, Philip J.; Daffner, Kirk R. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 2005)Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to investigate the neural processes underlying the distinctiveness heuristic— a response mode in which participants expect to remember vivid details of an experience and make ... -
ERP correlates of item recognition memory: Effects of age and performance
Wolk, David A.; Sen, N. Mandu; Chong, Hyemi; Riis, Jenna L.; McGinnis, Scott M.; Holcomb, Phillip J.; Daffner, Kirk R. (Elsevier BV, 2009)Decline in episodic memory is a common feature of healthy aging. Event-related potential (ERP) studies in young adults have consistently reported several modulations thought to index memory retrieval processes, but relatively ... -
Frontal and Parietal Components of a Cerebral Network Mediating Voluntary Attention to Novel Events
Daffner, Kirk R.; Scinto, L. F. M.; Weitzman, A. M.; Faust, R.; Rentz, Dorene May; Budson, Andrew E.; Holcomb, P. J. (MIT Press - Journals, 2003)Despite the important role that attending to novel events plays in human behavior, there is limited information about the neuroanatomical underpinnings of this vital activity. This study investigated the relative contributions ... -
The impact of visual acuity on age-related differences in neural markers of early visual processing
Daffner, Kirk R.; Haring, Anna E.; Alperin, Brittany R.; Zhuravleva, Tatyana Y.; Mott, Katherine K.; Holcomb, Phillip J. (Elsevier BV, 2013)The extent to which age-related differences in neural markers of visual processing are influenced by changes in visual acuity has not been systematically investigated. Studies often indicate that their subjects had normal ... -
Increased Early Processing of Task-Irrelevant Auditory Stimuli in Older Adults
Tusch, Erich S.; Alperin, Brittany R.; Holcomb, Phillip J.; Daffner, Kirk R. (Public Library of Science, 2016)The inhibitory deficit hypothesis of cognitive aging posits that older adults’ inability to adequately suppress processing of irrelevant information is a major source of cognitive decline. Prior research has demonstrated ... -
Increased Responsiveness to Novelty is Associated with Successful Cognitive Aging
Daffner, Kirk R.; Ryan, Katherine K.; Williams, Danielle M.; Budson, Andrew E.; Rentz, Dorene May; Wolk, David A.; Holcomb, Phillip J. (MIT Press - Journals, 2006)The animal literature suggests that exposure to more complex, novel environments promotes neurogenesis and cognitive performance in older animals. Studies in humans indicate that participation in intellectually stimulating ... -
Increasing Working Memory Load Reduces Processing of Cross-Modal Task-Irrelevant Stimuli Even after Controlling for Task Difficulty and Executive Capacity
Simon, Sharon S.; Tusch, Erich S.; Holcomb, Phillip J.; Daffner, Kirk R. (Frontiers Media S.A., 2016)The classic account of the load theory (LT) of attention suggests that increasing cognitive load leads to greater processing of task-irrelevant stimuli due to competition for limited executive resource that reduces the ... -
The Influence of Executive Capacity on Selective Attention and Subsequent Processing
Daffner, Kirk R.; Tarbi, Elise C.; Haring, Anna E.; Zhuravleva, Tatyana; Sun, Xue; Rentz, Dorene M.; Holcomb, Phillip J. (Frontiers Media S.A., 2012)Recent investigations that suggest selective attention (SA) is dependent on top-down control mechanisms lead to the expectation that individuals with high executive capacity (EC) would exhibit more robust neural indices ...