Browsing by FAS Department "Engineering and Applied Sciences"
Now showing items 21-40 of 2833
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Abbreviated text input using language modeling.
(Cambridge University Press, 2007)We address the problem of improving the efficiency of natural language text input under degraded conditions (for instance, on mobile computing devices or by disabled users), by taking advantage of the informational redundancy ... -
Ability-Based Design: Concept, Principles and Examples
(Association for Computing Machinery, 2011)Current approaches to accessible computing share a common goal of making technology accessible to users with disabilities. Perhaps because of this goal, they may also share a tendency to centralize disability rather than ... -
Abiotic oxygen-dominated atmospheres on terrestrial habitable zone planets
(IOP Publishing, 2014)Detection of life on other planets requires identification of biosignatures, i.e., observable planetary properties that robustly indicate the presence of a biosphere. One of the most widely accepted biosignatures for an ... -
Absolute Measurement of the Critical Behavior of the Smectic Elastic Constant of Bilayer and Monolayer Smectic-A Liquid Crystals on Approaching the Transition to the Nematic Phase
(American Physical Society, 1984)A new technique which provides an absolute measurement of the smectic elastic constant B is presented. This technique measures second sound on samples whose top surface is an air—liquid-crystal interface. The free surface ... -
Absolute Measurement of the Critical Properties of Second Sound at the Smectic-A-to-Nematic Phase Transition in 8OCB
(American Physical Society, 1981)Light scattered from the driven free surface of the smectic-A phase of octyloxy cyanobiphenyl (8OCB) provides a low-frequency measurement of second sound. This yields an absolute measurement of the smectic elastic constant, ... -
Abstract Execution in a Multi-Tasking Environment
(1994)Tracing software execution is an important part of understanding system performance. Raw CPU power has been increasing at a rate far greater than memory and I/O bandwidth, with the result that the performance of client/server ... -
Abstract Models of Memory Management
(Association for Computing Machinery, 1995)Most specifications of garbage collectors concentrate on the low-level algorithmic details of how to find and preserve accessible objects. Often, they focus on bit-level manipulations such as "scanning stack frames," ... -
Abstract Predicates and Mutable ADTs in Hoare Type Theory
(2006)Hoare Type Theory (HTT) combines a dependently typed, higher-order language with monadically-encapsulated, stateful computations. The type system incorporates pre- and post-conditions, in a fashion similar to Hoare and ... -
Abstract Shade Trees
(Association for Computing Machinery, 2006)As GPU-powered special effects become more sophisticated, it becomes harder to create and manage effect interaction using the fairly primitive shading languages. This difficulty also introduces a workflow problem: artists ... -
AC Electric Fields Drive Steady Flows in Flames
(American Physical Society (APS), 2012)We show that time-oscillating electric fields applied to plasmas present in flames create steady flows of gas. Ions generated within the flame move in the field and migrate a distance δ before recombining; the net flow of ... -
Accelerated Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Radial Acquisition with Compressed Sensing
(2012-12-13)Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique that can visualize internal organs for examination and diagnosis. It is non-invasive and ionizing radiation-free, and provides good contrast between different ... -
Accelerated Reduction in \(SO_2\) Emissions from the U.S. Power Sector Triggered by Changing Prices of Natural Gas
(American Chemical Society, 2012)Emissions of sulfur dioxide (\(SO_2\)) from the U.S. power sector decreased by 24% in 2009 relative to 2008. The Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) approach was applied to isolate the factors responsible for this decrease. ... -
Accelerating Markov chain Monte Carlo via parallel predictive prefetching
(2014-10-21)We present a general framework for accelerating a large class of widely used Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms. This dissertation demonstrates that MCMC inference can be accelerated in a model of parallel computation ... -
Accelerating MCMC with Parallel Predictive Prefetching
(AUAI Press, 2014)Parallel predictive prefetching is a new frame- work for accelerating a large class of widely- used Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms. It speculatively evaluates many potential steps of an MCMC chain in parallel ... -
The accelerator store
(Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2012)In recent years, circuit reliability in modern high-performance processors has become increasingly important. Shrinking feature sizes and diminishing supply voltages have made circuits more sensitive to microprocessor ... -
An Accelerator-Based Wireless Sensor Network Processor in 130 nm CMOS
(Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2011)Networks of ultra-low-power nodes capable of sensing, computation, and wireless communication have applications in medicine, science, industrial automation, and security. Reducing power consumption requires the development ... -
Accounting for Cognitive Costs in On-Line Auction Design
(Springer Verlag, 1999)Many auction mechanisms, including first and second price ascending and sealed bid auctions, have been proposed and analyzed in the economics literature. We compare the usefulness of different mechanisms for on-line auctions, ... -
Accounting Mechanisms for Distributed Work Systems
(AAAI Press, 2010)In distributed work systems, individual users perform work for other users. A significant challenge in these systems is to provide proper incentives for users to contribute as much work as they consume, even when monitoring ... -
Accurate Measurements of Pointing Performance from In Situ Observations
(Association for Computing Machinery, 2012)We present a method for obtaining lab-quality measurements of pointing performance from unobtrusive observations of natural in situ interactions. Specifically, we have developed a set of user-independent classifiers for ... -
Accurate Spectrally Resolved Infrared Radiance Observation from Space: Implications for the Detection of Decade-to-Century–Scale Climatic Change
(American Meteorological Society, 2001-03)The character of data required to measure decade-to-century–scale climatic change is distinctly different from that required for weather prediction or for studies of meteorological processes. The data ought to possess the ...