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Carp, Stefan

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Carp

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Stefan

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Carp, Stefan

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2012 - 20184

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Author's Publications: search.filters.isAuthorOfPublication.c7ac0ed6-d73f-4fa0-ac3f-b369604d244f

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    Near-infrared Spectroscopy Assessment of Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism in the Developing Premature Brain
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2012) Roche-Labarbe, Nadege; Fenoglio, Angela Joyce; Aggarwal, Alpna; Dehaes, Mathieu; Carp, Stefan; Franceschini, Maria; Grant, Patricia Ellen
    Little is known about cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume (CBV), oxygenation, and oxygen consumption in the premature newborn brain. We combined quantitative frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy measures of cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation \((SO_2\)) and CBV with diffusion correlation spectroscopy measures of cerebral blood flow index \((BF_{ix}\)) to determine the relationship between these measures, gestational age at birth (GA), and chronological age. We followed 56 neonates of various GA once a week during their hospital stay. We provide absolute values of \(SO_2\) and CBV, relative values of \(BF_{ix}\), and relative cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (\(rCMRO_2\)) as a function of postmenstrual age (PMA) and chronological age for four GA groups. \(SO_2\) correlates with chronological age (r=−0.54, P value \(\leq\)0.001) but not with PMA (r=−0.07), whereas \(BF_{ix}\) and \(rCMRO_2\) correlate better with PMA (r=0.37 and 0.43, respectively, P value \(\leq\)0.001). Relative \(CMRO_2\) during the first month of life is lower when GA is lower. Blood flow index and \(rCMRO_2\) are more accurate biomarkers of the brain development than \(SO_2\) in the premature newborns.
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    Shedding light on the neonatal brain: probing cerebral hemodynamics by diffuse optical spectroscopic methods
    (Nature Publishing Group UK, 2017) Farzam, Parisa; Buckley, Erin M.; Lin, Pei-Yi; Hagan, Katherine; Grant, P.; Inder, Terrie; Carp, Stefan; Franceschini, Maria Angela
    Investigating the cerebral physiology of healthy term newborns’ brains is important for better understanding perinatal brain injuries, of which the most common etiologies are hypoxia and ischemia. Hence, cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygenation are important biomarkers of brain health. In this study, we employed a hybrid diffuse optical system consisting of diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) and frequency-domain near infrared spectroscopy (FDNIRS) to measure hemoglobin concentration, oxygen saturation, and indices of cerebral blood flow and metabolism. We measured 30 term infants to assess the optical and physiological characteristics of the healthy neonatal brain in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. We observed higher metabolism in the right hemisphere compared to the left and a positive correlation between gestational age and the level of cerebral hemoglobin concentration, blood volume, and oxygen saturation. Moreover, we observed higher cerebral blood flow and lower oxygen saturation in females compared to males. The delayed maturation in males and the sexual dimorphism in cerebral hemodynamics may explain why males are more vulnerable to perinatal brain injuries than females.
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    Publisher Correction: Shedding light on the neonatal brain: probing cerebral hemodynamics by diffuse optical spectroscopic methods
    (Nature Publishing Group UK, 2018) Farzam, Parisa; Buckley, Erin M.; Lin, Pei-Yi; Hagan, Katherine; Grant, P.; Inder, Terrie; Carp, Stefan; Franceschini, Maria Angela
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    Measuring Temperature Induced Phase Change Kinetics in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy, MR Imaging and Spectroscopy and OCT
    (Nature Publishing Group UK, 2017) Sajjadi, Amir; Manstein, Dieter; Carp, Stefan
    Monitoring phase transition in adipose tissue and formation of lipid crystals is important in Cryo-procedures such as Selective Cryolipolysis (SC). We exploited a Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) method to monitor the onset of fat phase transition (freezing/melting) in human abdominal adipose tissue. The changes in optical scattering were compared to Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements as the gold standard method for measuring phase transition. For some samples, concurrent in vitro measurements of optical scattering using NIRS and the MR signal parameters (T2*) as well as spectral parameters using MR Spectroscopy were performed in a 3 T MR scanner during a cooling/heating cycle. To further investigate phase-transition in adipose tissue in microscopic level, an identical cooling/heating procedure was replicated on a small piece of fat harvested from the same tissue while being imaged under Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). For all methods, their relationship with temperature shows inflexions in a narrow range, characteristic of lipid phase transition. In particular, the good agreement between DSC and Optical measurements suggests that such NIRS methods can be used to improve dosimetry and to minimize variations of clinical outcome for cryo-procedures.