AI and the Transformation of Accountability and Discretion in Urban Governance

Abstract

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in urban governance presents significant opportunities to transform decision-making and enhance accountability. With advancements in Generative AI (GenAI), AI technology has become more accessible, promoting data-driven governance approaches across various tasks. The paper highlights AI’s potential to reposition human discretion and reshape specific types of accountability, elevating the decision-making capabilities of both frontline bureaucrats and managers while ensuring ethical standards and public trust are maintained. The concept of "accountable discretion" is introduced to describe how AI can augment discretion without sacrificing accountability. Additionally, the paper discusses the critical role of city-level governments in implementing AI technologies and managing public perceptions. The discussion advocates for a human-AI partnership that enhances public service delivery and fosters accountable governance through legitimate institutional measures. This paper was published as S. Goldsmith and J. Yang, AI and the transformation of accountability and discretion in urban governance, Urban Governance, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ugj.2026.02.005.